CIRCUMCISION is fooled over by circumcision as according to surveys, most parents decide to have their sons circumcised for very hazy reasons. There is even no clear health incentive to perform these routine circumcisions. The word "circumcision" came from theLatin circum , meaning "around", and caedere, meaning "to cut". This practice predates recorded human history withdepictions from st one-age cave drawings and Egyptian tombs suggesting that this practice is lost in antiquity. Cultures around the world oftencircumcise their males as a matter oftradition, either shortly after birth, in childhood or puberty as a rite of passage. This practice is most notable among Jews and Muslims, and in theUnited States. Theories of its origins include that it used to be a form of ritual sacrifice or offering, a sign of submission to a deity, a mark of defeat or slavery, a rite of passage to adulthood, or an attempt to alter esthetics or sexuality. However, non-therapeutic infant circumcision is a controversial issue recently where medical associations in the US, Australia, and Canada do not recommend it to the male newborns. The genital integrity movement condemns non-therapeutic circumcision that they consider comparable to female genital cutting. Yet, in spite of the fact, circumcision continues to be performed as a religious requirement on members of the Muslim and Jewish faiths along with a majority of Americans, South Koreans and Filipinos. In Judaism, circumcision is a religious practice required and usually performed in a ceremony called a Brit milah which is a Hebrew for "Covenant of circumcision". The ceremony is done on the eighth day after birth where according to the Torah (Genesis, chapter 17 verses 9-14), God commanded Abraham to circumcise himself, his offspring and his slaves as part of a covenant. Consequently, failure to follow the commandment carries the penalty of being cut off from the community by God. As for Muslims, the origin of the requirement of circumcision in Islam is a matter of religious and scholarly debate. However, it is mentioned in some parts of the Hadith, but not in the Qur'an and Fiqh scholars have different opinions about circumcision in Shariah. Moreover, there are some who interpret verses in the Qur'an as the requirement of circumcision based on the covenant with Abraham. On the other hand, Circumcision may also be backed up with scientific reasons for it can be recommended to treat medical conditions in males, such as phimosis, chronic inflammation of the penis, and penile cancer. However, there had been studies about the benefits of circumcision which have provided conflicting results. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) though says the benefits of circumcision are not significant enough to make it a routine procedure. And even with its medical benefits, there are even often less invasive treatments that can be tried first. The procedure of circumcision apparently is slowly being questioned especially among some non-Orthodox Jewish parents who are departing from the traditional bris. Some religious people hold that Jewish laws should forbid inflicting pain to any living thing, especially an infant. In fact, a 1989 AAP policy statement recognized the pain and trauma caused by the procedure to cause attendant behavioral changes among the young patients. However, circumcision is the only surgery in America routinely performed without the aid of anesthesia thus now AAP recommends analgesic cream or local anesthetic. Furthermore, the emotional consequences must be really accounted for in this practice just as much attention has been given to the emotional impact of female genital cutting. Several studies to date suggest that circumcised infants do not forget the pain during circumcision easily.
Showing posts with label circumcision. Show all posts
Showing posts with label circumcision. Show all posts
Saturday, January 24, 2009
CIRCUMCISION
CIRCUMCISION is fooled over by circumcision as according to surveys, most parents decide to have their sons circumcised for very hazy reasons. There is even no clear health incentive to perform these routine circumcisions. The word "circumcision" came from theLatin circum , meaning "around", and caedere, meaning "to cut". This practice predates recorded human history withdepictions from st one-age cave drawings and Egyptian tombs suggesting that this practice is lost in antiquity. Cultures around the world oftencircumcise their males as a matter oftradition, either shortly after birth, in childhood or puberty as a rite of passage. This practice is most notable among Jews and Muslims, and in theUnited States. Theories of its origins include that it used to be a form of ritual sacrifice or offering, a sign of submission to a deity, a mark of defeat or slavery, a rite of passage to adulthood, or an attempt to alter esthetics or sexuality. However, non-therapeutic infant circumcision is a controversial issue recently where medical associations in the US, Australia, and Canada do not recommend it to the male newborns. The genital integrity movement condemns non-therapeutic circumcision that they consider comparable to female genital cutting. Yet, in spite of the fact, circumcision continues to be performed as a religious requirement on members of the Muslim and Jewish faiths along with a majority of Americans, South Koreans and Filipinos. In Judaism, circumcision is a religious practice required and usually performed in a ceremony called a Brit milah which is a Hebrew for "Covenant of circumcision". The ceremony is done on the eighth day after birth where according to the Torah (Genesis, chapter 17 verses 9-14), God commanded Abraham to circumcise himself, his offspring and his slaves as part of a covenant. Consequently, failure to follow the commandment carries the penalty of being cut off from the community by God. As for Muslims, the origin of the requirement of circumcision in Islam is a matter of religious and scholarly debate. However, it is mentioned in some parts of the Hadith, but not in the Qur'an and Fiqh scholars have different opinions about circumcision in Shariah. Moreover, there are some who interpret verses in the Qur'an as the requirement of circumcision based on the covenant with Abraham. On the other hand, Circumcision may also be backed up with scientific reasons for it can be recommended to treat medical conditions in males, such as phimosis, chronic inflammation of the penis, and penile cancer. However, there had been studies about the benefits of circumcision which have provided conflicting results. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) though says the benefits of circumcision are not significant enough to make it a routine procedure. And even with its medical benefits, there are even often less invasive treatments that can be tried first. The procedure of circumcision apparently is slowly being questioned especially among some non-Orthodox Jewish parents who are departing from the traditional bris. Some religious people hold that Jewish laws should forbid inflicting pain to any living thing, especially an infant. In fact, a 1989 AAP policy statement recognized the pain and trauma caused by the procedure to cause attendant behavioral changes among the young patients. However, circumcision is the only surgery in America routinely performed without the aid of anesthesia thus now AAP recommends analgesic cream or local anesthetic. Furthermore, the emotional consequences must be really accounted for in this practice just as much attention has been given to the emotional impact of female genital cutting. Several studies to date suggest that circumcised infants do not forget the pain during circumcision easily.
CIRCUMCISION
CIRCUMCISION is fooled over by circumcision as according to surveys, most parents decide to have their sons circumcised for very hazy reasons. There is even no clear health incentive to perform these routine circumcisions. The word "circumcision" came from theLatin circum , meaning "around", and caedere, meaning "to cut". This practice predates recorded human history withdepictions from st one-age cave drawings and Egyptian tombs suggesting that this practice is lost in antiquity. Cultures around the world oftencircumcise their males as a matter oftradition, either shortly after birth, in childhood or puberty as a rite of passage. This practice is most notable among Jews and Muslims, and in theUnited States. Theories of its origins include that it used to be a form of ritual sacrifice or offering, a sign of submission to a deity, a mark of defeat or slavery, a rite of passage to adulthood, or an attempt to alter esthetics or sexuality. However, non-therapeutic infant circumcision is a controversial issue recently where medical associations in the US, Australia, and Canada do not recommend it to the male newborns. The genital integrity movement condemns non-therapeutic circumcision that they consider comparable to female genital cutting. Yet, in spite of the fact, circumcision continues to be performed as a religious requirement on members of the Muslim and Jewish faiths along with a majority of Americans, South Koreans and Filipinos. In Judaism, circumcision is a religious practice required and usually performed in a ceremony called a Brit milah which is a Hebrew for "Covenant of circumcision". The ceremony is done on the eighth day after birth where according to the Torah (Genesis, chapter 17 verses 9-14), God commanded Abraham to circumcise himself, his offspring and his slaves as part of a covenant. Consequently, failure to follow the commandment carries the penalty of being cut off from the community by God. As for Muslims, the origin of the requirement of circumcision in Islam is a matter of religious and scholarly debate. However, it is mentioned in some parts of the Hadith, but not in the Qur'an and Fiqh scholars have different opinions about circumcision in Shariah. Moreover, there are some who interpret verses in the Qur'an as the requirement of circumcision based on the covenant with Abraham. On the other hand, Circumcision may also be backed up with scientific reasons for it can be recommended to treat medical conditions in males, such as phimosis, chronic inflammation of the penis, and penile cancer. However, there had been studies about the benefits of circumcision which have provided conflicting results. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) though says the benefits of circumcision are not significant enough to make it a routine procedure. And even with its medical benefits, there are even often less invasive treatments that can be tried first. The procedure of circumcision apparently is slowly being questioned especially among some non-Orthodox Jewish parents who are departing from the traditional bris. Some religious people hold that Jewish laws should forbid inflicting pain to any living thing, especially an infant. In fact, a 1989 AAP policy statement recognized the pain and trauma caused by the procedure to cause attendant behavioral changes among the young patients. However, circumcision is the only surgery in America routinely performed without the aid of anesthesia thus now AAP recommends analgesic cream or local anesthetic. Furthermore, the emotional consequences must be really accounted for in this practice just as much attention has been given to the emotional impact of female genital cutting. Several studies to date suggest that circumcised infants do not forget the pain during circumcision easily.
men's health
The media circus is a big culprit for playing with our minds when it comes to the ideal size of our manhood. Of late, there has been a great media preference on more blessed penis size along with women who are more vocal about this preference. In fact, Television shows such as Sex and the City and Ally McBeal popularized a bigger penis size when the main characters in these TV shows stated their preference for well-endowed men and evenwent to the point of and rejecting men who had only an average endowment. Like for instance, in an HBO's episode of Sex and the City, a female character is portrayed crying when she experiences her boyfriend's penis for the first time and learnedthat it is below average length after having expected and anticipated the opposite. In the same episode the characters debate whether it's proper to dump a man because of the size of his penis. They ended up concluding that it's justbut natural and at the end of the episode one of the women did indeed dump her boyfriend because she doesn't like the size of his penis. She did this in spite of the fact that in the earlier episodes she revealed that she thinks she loves him.
Such is the circus over penis size that to sayit is all crazy is an understatement. Actually, media’s portrayal on the image of women's preference may have had an impact on some menwho have average sized penises. And in thesame way, this can even cause more damage to below-average sized men who are likely to be already self conscious. It is no wonder therefore why in recent years there had been an influx ofpenis pumps, pills, and other dubious materials whose end is the penis enlargement.
But media can always lie to sell. Because the truth is, surveys of women's actual preference have consistently shown that penis size is not a priority. In fact, truth is, some women dislike large penises all together. The media have often been criticized for making "penis envy" into a male body issue that is just equivalent to Cosmopolitan magazine being criticized for their excessive coverage of women's weight. Looking at it on another dimension, a study published in BMC Women's Health also surveyed women's preferences concerning penis size and concluded that “width rather than length is the most important factor of sexual stimulation.” On the other hand, the several studies regarding the average size of the human penis is not too reliable. The majority of such studies is said to be the product of self-selection bias. This means that men with a smaller than average penis might be less likely to allow themselves to be measured, while the men with a larger than average penis might be more likely to allow themselves to be measured. So therefore, in truth, it is unknown if this conjectured self-selection bias has been confirmed by any studies, or if any studies have attempted to account for the potential self-selection bias regarding penis size.
But just to satisfy your curiosity on just how average is average when it comes to size, then read on. At birth, the average stretched penile length is about 4 cm, and 90% of newborn boys will be between 2.4 and 5.5 cm or 0.9 and 2.2 inches. Academic and Scientific Studies published in the September 1996 Journal of Urology concluded that average erect length for adults was 12.9 cm or 5.0 in. A study by a Brazilian urologist meantime found an average of 14.6 cm or 5.8 in while a study conducted by the Korean Consumer Protection Board (KCPB) at a college campus found that an average of 15.5 cm or 6.1 in. On the other hand, the German study in 1996 reported an average of 14.5 cm or 5.7 in while a study conducted by LifeStyles Condoms during 2001 in Cancún, Mexico found an average of 5.9 in with a standard deviation of 0.8 in. In an Internet Survey performed by Sizesurvey.com found, the average of 16 cm or 6.4 in is measured while Jackinworld.com found an average of 15.6 cm or 6.1 inches.
As for perceptions, in a 2005 study by the University of California, Los Angeles, 45% of men would prefer their penis size increased. While 84% of respondents rated their penis size as average to above average. It is clear that men may tend to misjudge the size of their penis relative to that of other men simply because of the foreshortening effect obtained from always looking down at the penis from above. Funny but true, in fact, a survey by sexologists showed that many men who believed that their penis was inadequate actually had a normal-sized penis. Truly, worries about penis size come from some other source of anxiety or just some perceived inadequacy.
But the truth of the matter is the most sensitive area of the vagina is the section closest to the outside, which is roughly 10 centimeters in length. Given that, the average penis size then is above this length and most men should easily reach and stimulate these erotic nerve endings then. In fact, stimulation of the women’s G-spot may be even more effective if the man's penis is slightly shorter than the average, as this area of the vagina is closer to the opening of vagina than to its recesses. On the other hand, stimulation of the G-Spot may be better done if the penis is thicker than average since pleasure sensations are activated primarily by pressure and more friction against the vestibular bulbs. In fact, if a penis is thick enough compared with the vaginal opening, then vulva stretching will occur and will cause the clitoral hood across the clitoris for additional stimulation on these nerve endings.
Given these facts, consider well then your attempt to change the actual size of your penis. Instead, you can make it easier on you by making your dear penis appear bigger, by trimming the pubic hair or by losing weight.
Such is the circus over penis size that to sayit is all crazy is an understatement. Actually, media’s portrayal on the image of women's preference may have had an impact on some menwho have average sized penises. And in thesame way, this can even cause more damage to below-average sized men who are likely to be already self conscious. It is no wonder therefore why in recent years there had been an influx ofpenis pumps, pills, and other dubious materials whose end is the penis enlargement.
But media can always lie to sell. Because the truth is, surveys of women's actual preference have consistently shown that penis size is not a priority. In fact, truth is, some women dislike large penises all together. The media have often been criticized for making "penis envy" into a male body issue that is just equivalent to Cosmopolitan magazine being criticized for their excessive coverage of women's weight. Looking at it on another dimension, a study published in BMC Women's Health also surveyed women's preferences concerning penis size and concluded that “width rather than length is the most important factor of sexual stimulation.” On the other hand, the several studies regarding the average size of the human penis is not too reliable. The majority of such studies is said to be the product of self-selection bias. This means that men with a smaller than average penis might be less likely to allow themselves to be measured, while the men with a larger than average penis might be more likely to allow themselves to be measured. So therefore, in truth, it is unknown if this conjectured self-selection bias has been confirmed by any studies, or if any studies have attempted to account for the potential self-selection bias regarding penis size.
But just to satisfy your curiosity on just how average is average when it comes to size, then read on. At birth, the average stretched penile length is about 4 cm, and 90% of newborn boys will be between 2.4 and 5.5 cm or 0.9 and 2.2 inches. Academic and Scientific Studies published in the September 1996 Journal of Urology concluded that average erect length for adults was 12.9 cm or 5.0 in. A study by a Brazilian urologist meantime found an average of 14.6 cm or 5.8 in while a study conducted by the Korean Consumer Protection Board (KCPB) at a college campus found that an average of 15.5 cm or 6.1 in. On the other hand, the German study in 1996 reported an average of 14.5 cm or 5.7 in while a study conducted by LifeStyles Condoms during 2001 in Cancún, Mexico found an average of 5.9 in with a standard deviation of 0.8 in. In an Internet Survey performed by Sizesurvey.com found, the average of 16 cm or 6.4 in is measured while Jackinworld.com found an average of 15.6 cm or 6.1 inches.
As for perceptions, in a 2005 study by the University of California, Los Angeles, 45% of men would prefer their penis size increased. While 84% of respondents rated their penis size as average to above average. It is clear that men may tend to misjudge the size of their penis relative to that of other men simply because of the foreshortening effect obtained from always looking down at the penis from above. Funny but true, in fact, a survey by sexologists showed that many men who believed that their penis was inadequate actually had a normal-sized penis. Truly, worries about penis size come from some other source of anxiety or just some perceived inadequacy.
But the truth of the matter is the most sensitive area of the vagina is the section closest to the outside, which is roughly 10 centimeters in length. Given that, the average penis size then is above this length and most men should easily reach and stimulate these erotic nerve endings then. In fact, stimulation of the women’s G-spot may be even more effective if the man's penis is slightly shorter than the average, as this area of the vagina is closer to the opening of vagina than to its recesses. On the other hand, stimulation of the G-Spot may be better done if the penis is thicker than average since pleasure sensations are activated primarily by pressure and more friction against the vestibular bulbs. In fact, if a penis is thick enough compared with the vaginal opening, then vulva stretching will occur and will cause the clitoral hood across the clitoris for additional stimulation on these nerve endings.
Given these facts, consider well then your attempt to change the actual size of your penis. Instead, you can make it easier on you by making your dear penis appear bigger, by trimming the pubic hair or by losing weight.
PENIS SIZE
Do you know that compared to other primates, even including larger primates such as the gigantic gorilla, the male human genitalia are relatively large?! That’s right; man is truly the king of the animal kingdom, not only by his brains but also by his balls.This is because, the human penis is both longer and thicker than of any other primate, and thisincludes as well the testes.
And though even with this fact, the rest of the species in the animal kingdom may not care aboutthis, penis size continues to be of great concernto many of us humans. In fact, some considerhaving a large penis as a mark of masculinity while there are those who are concerned thattheir penis is too small to satisfy their sexual partner. However, these insecurities only haveled to many erroneous beliefs about penis size thus leading to a whole industry devoted to penis enlargement which is really not necessary.
However, in a travel through time, we can see that like the proportions of beauty, so too has the dimensions of the ideal penis size changed. In past perceptions of the ancient Greek and Roman art, it is common to see the male genitalia to be relatively smaller than one would expect for the size of the man. In fact, Renaissance art followed this aesthetic as can be seen in Michelangelo's David. This was due to the belief that at that time, an uncircumcised small penis was desirable compared to a long, thick, circumcised penis which was then viewed as comical. Psychologically speaking, this may be attributed to the Greeks' adoration of an undeveloped body. Or this could be just a real portrayal of the actual size of the real models at that time that has to go to the ordeal of having to stand in cold studios.
Nowadays, it is completely the opposite. The hullabaloo spent on this entire penis size thing is only apparent in the forwarded theories of held popular cultures, where some state that it is possible to predict the size of someone’s penis just by observing the other features of the body. The features usually include the hands, feet, nose or height. One urban legend even suggests that the size of a fully erect penis is approximately the length from the tip of a man's thumb to the tip of his index finger if a 90° angle is made with the two digits. However, the suggested links between penis size and other body parts has been investigated only by a relatively small number of groups, which may well be inaccurate. However, a potential explanation for some observations on these links is that the development of the penis in an embryo is controlled by some of the same Hox genes, in particular the HOXA13 and HOXD13, as the limbs develop. Still, Science can only conclude that given the large number of genes which control the development of the human body shape as well as the effects of hormones during childhood and adolescence it is an inaccurate prediction of penis size to have it linked to measuring a different part of the human body.
For the long and short of all issues about penis size thoug, what remains is that penis size is determined by genetics especially as the size changes during puberty. Penis growth starts between the ages of 10 to 14 years, though some boys are younger and some are older. Its is the testicles who begin to enlarge first and then the hair grows in the pubic region. The penis grows in length first and then in girth slightly later to that. An average penis size for the mature non-erect adult is between 3 to 5 inches. However, for teenagers, they have to wait one or two more years after they have stopped growing in height before they can be sure about their final penis size since body size can affect the penis length. In fact, if a person is overweight or obese then this will definitely affect the penis as it will look a lot smaller as it is surrounded and sometimes almost engulfed by fat. This is called a concealed penis and is a bog turn-off.
And though even with this fact, the rest of the species in the animal kingdom may not care aboutthis, penis size continues to be of great concernto many of us humans. In fact, some considerhaving a large penis as a mark of masculinity while there are those who are concerned thattheir penis is too small to satisfy their sexual partner. However, these insecurities only haveled to many erroneous beliefs about penis size thus leading to a whole industry devoted to penis enlargement which is really not necessary.
However, in a travel through time, we can see that like the proportions of beauty, so too has the dimensions of the ideal penis size changed. In past perceptions of the ancient Greek and Roman art, it is common to see the male genitalia to be relatively smaller than one would expect for the size of the man. In fact, Renaissance art followed this aesthetic as can be seen in Michelangelo's David. This was due to the belief that at that time, an uncircumcised small penis was desirable compared to a long, thick, circumcised penis which was then viewed as comical. Psychologically speaking, this may be attributed to the Greeks' adoration of an undeveloped body. Or this could be just a real portrayal of the actual size of the real models at that time that has to go to the ordeal of having to stand in cold studios.
Nowadays, it is completely the opposite. The hullabaloo spent on this entire penis size thing is only apparent in the forwarded theories of held popular cultures, where some state that it is possible to predict the size of someone’s penis just by observing the other features of the body. The features usually include the hands, feet, nose or height. One urban legend even suggests that the size of a fully erect penis is approximately the length from the tip of a man's thumb to the tip of his index finger if a 90° angle is made with the two digits. However, the suggested links between penis size and other body parts has been investigated only by a relatively small number of groups, which may well be inaccurate. However, a potential explanation for some observations on these links is that the development of the penis in an embryo is controlled by some of the same Hox genes, in particular the HOXA13 and HOXD13, as the limbs develop. Still, Science can only conclude that given the large number of genes which control the development of the human body shape as well as the effects of hormones during childhood and adolescence it is an inaccurate prediction of penis size to have it linked to measuring a different part of the human body.
For the long and short of all issues about penis size thoug, what remains is that penis size is determined by genetics especially as the size changes during puberty. Penis growth starts between the ages of 10 to 14 years, though some boys are younger and some are older. Its is the testicles who begin to enlarge first and then the hair grows in the pubic region. The penis grows in length first and then in girth slightly later to that. An average penis size for the mature non-erect adult is between 3 to 5 inches. However, for teenagers, they have to wait one or two more years after they have stopped growing in height before they can be sure about their final penis size since body size can affect the penis length. In fact, if a person is overweight or obese then this will definitely affect the penis as it will look a lot smaller as it is surrounded and sometimes almost engulfed by fat. This is called a concealed penis and is a bog turn-off.
PREMATURE EJACULATION
Premature Ejaculation (PE) is a sexual dysfunction that takes place when a man ejaculates before he wishes to. Often,the primary cause of premature ejaculation is the uncontrollable and overwhelming urge to ejaculate.This is often cause by the over-stimulationby your lover. But then again,you cannot always blame that gorgeous and sexy woman for your own shortcomings!So even if this urge seems impossible to fight, my man, it is your battle, and if you want to keep that gorgeous woman, you’d better learn how to put a reign on your own self!
Inspite of all its faults, premature ejaculation is nothing short of your body reaction to ensure impregnation and the survival of our esteemed species. In a nutshell, basically it's a natural reaction which you can naturally alter also. Its not a physical problem that only surgery can improve, so don’t taunt yourself byhallucinating that there is something medically wrong with you. Its just a matter of consciously orsubconsciously learning to control your body's reaction to intercourse. So all you have to do is simply teach your body to behave under your control and age has got nothing to do with it.
To better help you in your problem, it is important that we first determine your level of premature ejaculation. According to a study presented by C. W. Hastings, a celebrated British sexual therapist, Premature Ejaculation (PE) can be classified into Level 1, Level 2, Level 3, and Level 4, all depending on factors such as cause, how severe it is, and how long the patient suffers of it.
Level 1 is characterized by bad masturbation habits especially during adolescence where by masturbating pretty fast, only defeats the purpose of the ejaculatory reflex. This then is replaced it with the the habit of reaching an orgasm fast. On the other hand, level 2 of PE is caused by stress, anxiety, or emotional tension. This is where work-related or personal problems only trigger PE Level 2, though similarly to PE Level 1, this can be easily treated when timely diagnosed. The level 3 of PE is mainly caused as a development of a poorly treated PE Level 2 where the cause of the problem is a permanent unbalance between serotonin and dopamine levels in the brain. This only excessively increases the impulse that triggers the ejaculatory reflex. Finally, level 4 is considered as the most severe PE Level because it eventually becomes a disorder and there are few alternatives that will solve the problem because it usually requires the direct help of a professional. Premature ejaculation is often considered a psychological problem in some cases and doctors believe that early sexual experiences may only establish the lifelong pattern.
Consider for instance how you got to where you are sexually now. If you grew up in a family that considered sex as dirty or sinful, then you may only have developed guilty feelings which increase your tendency to rush through your sexual urge. But it is also to be considered that biological factors can also cause premature ejaculation where a difference in certain hormone levels and in the sensitivity of their genitalia may prove to be the culprit.
Whatever the cause might be, there’s something common about all the PE and that is the ejaculatory reflex which starts in the urethra and consists of a series of involuntary contractions that force the sperm out of the penis. This reflex is then controlled by the Pubococcygeus (PC) muscle. To regain control over the ejaculatory reflex you have to therefore control your PC muscle.
This brings me then to the PC or pubococcygeus exercises which can be helpful in curing premature ejaculation. However, be forwarned that practicing PC exercises incorrectly can only cause you permanent erectile dysfunction, leading to impotence and damaging the function of your penis forever. Your PC is a muscle group which comes in line your pelvic floor and cradles your anus and sex organs attaching your pubic bone to your coccyx. It is shaped like a hammock and has earned the title "the sex muscle" because it can help you with your premature ejaculation, reduce the chances of impotence, improve the amount of pleasure you get from sex and even drastically eliminate the probability of falling foul of your ejaculatory reflex.
Inspite of all its faults, premature ejaculation is nothing short of your body reaction to ensure impregnation and the survival of our esteemed species. In a nutshell, basically it's a natural reaction which you can naturally alter also. Its not a physical problem that only surgery can improve, so don’t taunt yourself byhallucinating that there is something medically wrong with you. Its just a matter of consciously orsubconsciously learning to control your body's reaction to intercourse. So all you have to do is simply teach your body to behave under your control and age has got nothing to do with it.
To better help you in your problem, it is important that we first determine your level of premature ejaculation. According to a study presented by C. W. Hastings, a celebrated British sexual therapist, Premature Ejaculation (PE) can be classified into Level 1, Level 2, Level 3, and Level 4, all depending on factors such as cause, how severe it is, and how long the patient suffers of it.
Level 1 is characterized by bad masturbation habits especially during adolescence where by masturbating pretty fast, only defeats the purpose of the ejaculatory reflex. This then is replaced it with the the habit of reaching an orgasm fast. On the other hand, level 2 of PE is caused by stress, anxiety, or emotional tension. This is where work-related or personal problems only trigger PE Level 2, though similarly to PE Level 1, this can be easily treated when timely diagnosed. The level 3 of PE is mainly caused as a development of a poorly treated PE Level 2 where the cause of the problem is a permanent unbalance between serotonin and dopamine levels in the brain. This only excessively increases the impulse that triggers the ejaculatory reflex. Finally, level 4 is considered as the most severe PE Level because it eventually becomes a disorder and there are few alternatives that will solve the problem because it usually requires the direct help of a professional. Premature ejaculation is often considered a psychological problem in some cases and doctors believe that early sexual experiences may only establish the lifelong pattern.
Consider for instance how you got to where you are sexually now. If you grew up in a family that considered sex as dirty or sinful, then you may only have developed guilty feelings which increase your tendency to rush through your sexual urge. But it is also to be considered that biological factors can also cause premature ejaculation where a difference in certain hormone levels and in the sensitivity of their genitalia may prove to be the culprit.
Whatever the cause might be, there’s something common about all the PE and that is the ejaculatory reflex which starts in the urethra and consists of a series of involuntary contractions that force the sperm out of the penis. This reflex is then controlled by the Pubococcygeus (PC) muscle. To regain control over the ejaculatory reflex you have to therefore control your PC muscle.
This brings me then to the PC or pubococcygeus exercises which can be helpful in curing premature ejaculation. However, be forwarned that practicing PC exercises incorrectly can only cause you permanent erectile dysfunction, leading to impotence and damaging the function of your penis forever. Your PC is a muscle group which comes in line your pelvic floor and cradles your anus and sex organs attaching your pubic bone to your coccyx. It is shaped like a hammock and has earned the title "the sex muscle" because it can help you with your premature ejaculation, reduce the chances of impotence, improve the amount of pleasure you get from sex and even drastically eliminate the probability of falling foul of your ejaculatory reflex.
WEAK ERECTION
A weak erection is often caused by an insufficient blood flow where the penile chambers that expand and hold blood in the penis do not get the necessary blood flow. This can be the result of the hindrances to the arteries and veins to constrict and reduce blood flow which include smoking and a high fat diet. Also, venous leaking by a penile injury can also bethe culprit.
However, sometimes men are too preoccupied with performance anxiety and pointing fingers at their penis for perpetually being in a weak state. To clear your head through this, bear in mind that a flaccid penis size is no indicator of erect penis size though in some men their penis hardly changes size between flaccid and erect states. Men often pound on the flaccid penis size and thisbecomes what concerns men the most. For your own assurance, here are some solid statistics to compare notes with – the average adult flaccid penis is in the range 2.5 to 4.5 inches or about 6-11 centimeters long. The average adult erect penis however is in the range of 4 to 8 inches or 10-20 centimeters.
ve Weak Erections which can eventually lead to impotence. With a weak erection, the male penis can barely enter the female vaginal and provides a weak stimulation. At the same time, the nerves in the penis that provide the stimulation to achieve an orgasm and ejaculation do not get the proper nutrients to maintain its health. Mostly, the common symptoms of weak erection include lowered blood flow to penile region and damaged tissue chambers resulting in venous leaks. It can also show through weak nervous stimulations as well as soft erections. If you have these symptoms, you can take herbal remedy such as Power E that may improve the blood flow to the penis as well as improve your control, size, and the girth of your penis. Also, you can learn combinations of techniques which you can use to strengthen your penis and improve your ejaculation control to give more satisfaction by lasting longer and firmer in bed. One combination of such techniques is called the Sexual ChiKong and Natural Ejaculation Control Technique.
However, sometimes men are too preoccupied with performance anxiety and pointing fingers at their penis for perpetually being in a weak state. To clear your head through this, bear in mind that a flaccid penis size is no indicator of erect penis size though in some men their penis hardly changes size between flaccid and erect states. Men often pound on the flaccid penis size and thisbecomes what concerns men the most. For your own assurance, here are some solid statistics to compare notes with – the average adult flaccid penis is in the range 2.5 to 4.5 inches or about 6-11 centimeters long. The average adult erect penis however is in the range of 4 to 8 inches or 10-20 centimeters.
ve Weak Erections which can eventually lead to impotence. With a weak erection, the male penis can barely enter the female vaginal and provides a weak stimulation. At the same time, the nerves in the penis that provide the stimulation to achieve an orgasm and ejaculation do not get the proper nutrients to maintain its health. Mostly, the common symptoms of weak erection include lowered blood flow to penile region and damaged tissue chambers resulting in venous leaks. It can also show through weak nervous stimulations as well as soft erections. If you have these symptoms, you can take herbal remedy such as Power E that may improve the blood flow to the penis as well as improve your control, size, and the girth of your penis. Also, you can learn combinations of techniques which you can use to strengthen your penis and improve your ejaculation control to give more satisfaction by lasting longer and firmer in bed. One combination of such techniques is called the Sexual ChiKong and Natural Ejaculation Control Technique.
PENIS SIZE
Do you know that compared to other primates, even including larger primates such as the gigantic gorilla, the male human genitalia are relatively large?! That’s right; man is truly the king of the animal kingdom, not only by his brains but also by his balls.This is because, the human penis is both longer and thicker than of any other primate, and thisincludes as well the testes.
And though even with this fact, the rest of the species in the animal kingdom may not care aboutthis, penis size continues to be of great concernto many of us humans. In fact, some considerhaving a large penis as a mark of masculinity while there are those who are concerned thattheir penis is too small to satisfy their sexual partner. However, these insecurities only haveled to many erroneous beliefs about penis size thus leading to a whole industry devoted to penis enlargement which is really not necessary.
However, in a travel through time, we can see that like the proportions of beauty, so too has the dimensions of the ideal penis size changed. In past perceptions of the ancient Greek and Roman art, it is common to see the male genitalia to be relatively smaller than one would expect for the size of the man. In fact, Renaissance art followed this aesthetic as can be seen in Michelangelo's David. This was due to the belief that at that time, an uncircumcised small penis was desirable compared to a long, thick, circumcised penis which was then viewed as comical. Psychologically speaking, this may be attributed to the Greeks' adoration of an undeveloped body. Or this could be just a real portrayal of the actual size of the real models at that time that has to go to the ordeal of having to stand in cold studios.
Nowadays, it is completely the opposite. The hullabaloo spent on this entire penis size thing is only apparent in the forwarded theories of held popular cultures, where some state that it is possible to predict the size of someone’s penis just by observing the other features of the body. The features usually include the hands, feet, nose or height. One urban legend even suggests that the size of a fully erect penis is approximately the length from the tip of a man's thumb to the tip of his index finger if a 90° angle is made with the two digits. However, the suggested links between penis size and other body parts has been investigated only by a relatively small number of groups, which may well be inaccurate. However, a potential explanation for some observations on these links is that the development of the penis in an embryo is controlled by some of the same Hox genes, in particular the HOXA13 and HOXD13, as the limbs develop. Still, Science can only conclude that given the large number of genes which control the development of the human body shape as well as the effects of hormones during childhood and adolescence it is an inaccurate prediction of penis size to have it linked to measuring a different part of the human body.
For the long and short of all issues about penis size thoug, what remains is that penis size is determined by genetics especially as the size changes during puberty. Penis growth starts between the ages of 10 to 14 years, though some boys are younger and some are older. Its is the testicles who begin to enlarge first and then the hair grows in the pubic region. The penis grows in length first and then in girth slightly later to that. An average penis size for the mature non-erect adult is between 3 to 5 inches. However, for teenagers, they have to wait one or two more years after they have stopped growing in height before they can be sure about their final penis size since body size can affect the penis length. In fact, if a person is overweight or obese then this will definitely affect the penis as it will look a lot smaller as it is surrounded and sometimes almost engulfed by fat. This is called a concealed penis and is a bog turn-off.
And though even with this fact, the rest of the species in the animal kingdom may not care aboutthis, penis size continues to be of great concernto many of us humans. In fact, some considerhaving a large penis as a mark of masculinity while there are those who are concerned thattheir penis is too small to satisfy their sexual partner. However, these insecurities only haveled to many erroneous beliefs about penis size thus leading to a whole industry devoted to penis enlargement which is really not necessary.
However, in a travel through time, we can see that like the proportions of beauty, so too has the dimensions of the ideal penis size changed. In past perceptions of the ancient Greek and Roman art, it is common to see the male genitalia to be relatively smaller than one would expect for the size of the man. In fact, Renaissance art followed this aesthetic as can be seen in Michelangelo's David. This was due to the belief that at that time, an uncircumcised small penis was desirable compared to a long, thick, circumcised penis which was then viewed as comical. Psychologically speaking, this may be attributed to the Greeks' adoration of an undeveloped body. Or this could be just a real portrayal of the actual size of the real models at that time that has to go to the ordeal of having to stand in cold studios.
Nowadays, it is completely the opposite. The hullabaloo spent on this entire penis size thing is only apparent in the forwarded theories of held popular cultures, where some state that it is possible to predict the size of someone’s penis just by observing the other features of the body. The features usually include the hands, feet, nose or height. One urban legend even suggests that the size of a fully erect penis is approximately the length from the tip of a man's thumb to the tip of his index finger if a 90° angle is made with the two digits. However, the suggested links between penis size and other body parts has been investigated only by a relatively small number of groups, which may well be inaccurate. However, a potential explanation for some observations on these links is that the development of the penis in an embryo is controlled by some of the same Hox genes, in particular the HOXA13 and HOXD13, as the limbs develop. Still, Science can only conclude that given the large number of genes which control the development of the human body shape as well as the effects of hormones during childhood and adolescence it is an inaccurate prediction of penis size to have it linked to measuring a different part of the human body.
For the long and short of all issues about penis size thoug, what remains is that penis size is determined by genetics especially as the size changes during puberty. Penis growth starts between the ages of 10 to 14 years, though some boys are younger and some are older. Its is the testicles who begin to enlarge first and then the hair grows in the pubic region. The penis grows in length first and then in girth slightly later to that. An average penis size for the mature non-erect adult is between 3 to 5 inches. However, for teenagers, they have to wait one or two more years after they have stopped growing in height before they can be sure about their final penis size since body size can affect the penis length. In fact, if a person is overweight or obese then this will definitely affect the penis as it will look a lot smaller as it is surrounded and sometimes almost engulfed by fat. This is called a concealed penis and is a bog turn-off.
men's health
The media circus is a big culprit for playing with our minds when it comes to the ideal size of our manhood. Of late, there has been a great media preference on more blessed penis size along with women who are more vocal about this preference. In fact, Television shows such as Sex and the City and Ally McBeal popularized a bigger penis size when the main characters in these TV shows stated their preference for well-endowed men and evenwent to the point of and rejecting men who had only an average endowment. Like for instance, in an HBO's episode of Sex and the City, a female character is portrayed crying when she experiences her boyfriend's penis for the first time and learnedthat it is below average length after having expected and anticipated the opposite. In the same episode the characters debate whether it's proper to dump a man because of the size of his penis. They ended up concluding that it's justbut natural and at the end of the episode one of the women did indeed dump her boyfriend because she doesn't like the size of his penis. She did this in spite of the fact that in the earlier episodes she revealed that she thinks she loves him.
Such is the circus over penis size that to sayit is all crazy is an understatement. Actually, media’s portrayal on the image of women's preference may have had an impact on some menwho have average sized penises. And in thesame way, this can even cause more damage to below-average sized men who are likely to be already self conscious. It is no wonder therefore why in recent years there had been an influx ofpenis pumps, pills, and other dubious materials whose end is the penis enlargement.
But media can always lie to sell. Because the truth is, surveys of women's actual preference have consistently shown that penis size is not a priority. In fact, truth is, some women dislike large penises all together. The media have often been criticized for making "penis envy" into a male body issue that is just equivalent to Cosmopolitan magazine being criticized for their excessive coverage of women's weight. Looking at it on another dimension, a study published in BMC Women's Health also surveyed women's preferences concerning penis size and concluded that “width rather than length is the most important factor of sexual stimulation.” On the other hand, the several studies regarding the average size of the human penis is not too reliable. The majority of such studies is said to be the product of self-selection bias. This means that men with a smaller than average penis might be less likely to allow themselves to be measured, while the men with a larger than average penis might be more likely to allow themselves to be measured. So therefore, in truth, it is unknown if this conjectured self-selection bias has been confirmed by any studies, or if any studies have attempted to account for the potential self-selection bias regarding penis size.
But just to satisfy your curiosity on just how average is average when it comes to size, then read on. At birth, the average stretched penile length is about 4 cm, and 90% of newborn boys will be between 2.4 and 5.5 cm or 0.9 and 2.2 inches. Academic and Scientific Studies published in the September 1996 Journal of Urology concluded that average erect length for adults was 12.9 cm or 5.0 in. A study by a Brazilian urologist meantime found an average of 14.6 cm or 5.8 in while a study conducted by the Korean Consumer Protection Board (KCPB) at a college campus found that an average of 15.5 cm or 6.1 in. On the other hand, the German study in 1996 reported an average of 14.5 cm or 5.7 in while a study conducted by LifeStyles Condoms during 2001 in Cancún, Mexico found an average of 5.9 in with a standard deviation of 0.8 in. In an Internet Survey performed by Sizesurvey.com found, the average of 16 cm or 6.4 in is measured while Jackinworld.com found an average of 15.6 cm or 6.1 inches.
As for perceptions, in a 2005 study by the University of California, Los Angeles, 45% of men would prefer their penis size increased. While 84% of respondents rated their penis size as average to above average. It is clear that men may tend to misjudge the size of their penis relative to that of other men simply because of the foreshortening effect obtained from always looking down at the penis from above. Funny but true, in fact, a survey by sexologists showed that many men who believed that their penis was inadequate actually had a normal-sized penis. Truly, worries about penis size come from some other source of anxiety or just some perceived inadequacy.
But the truth of the matter is the most sensitive area of the vagina is the section closest to the outside, which is roughly 10 centimeters in length. Given that, the average penis size then is above this length and most men should easily reach and stimulate these erotic nerve endings then. In fact, stimulation of the women’s G-spot may be even more effective if the man's penis is slightly shorter than the average, as this area of the vagina is closer to the opening of vagina than to its recesses. On the other hand, stimulation of the G-Spot may be better done if the penis is thicker than average since pleasure sensations are activated primarily by pressure and more friction against the vestibular bulbs. In fact, if a penis is thick enough compared with the vaginal opening, then vulva stretching will occur and will cause the clitoral hood across the clitoris for additional stimulation on these nerve endings.
Given these facts, consider well then your attempt to change the actual size of your penis. Instead, you can make it easier on you by making your dear penis appear bigger, by trimming the pubic hair or by losing weight.
Such is the circus over penis size that to sayit is all crazy is an understatement. Actually, media’s portrayal on the image of women's preference may have had an impact on some menwho have average sized penises. And in thesame way, this can even cause more damage to below-average sized men who are likely to be already self conscious. It is no wonder therefore why in recent years there had been an influx ofpenis pumps, pills, and other dubious materials whose end is the penis enlargement.
But media can always lie to sell. Because the truth is, surveys of women's actual preference have consistently shown that penis size is not a priority. In fact, truth is, some women dislike large penises all together. The media have often been criticized for making "penis envy" into a male body issue that is just equivalent to Cosmopolitan magazine being criticized for their excessive coverage of women's weight. Looking at it on another dimension, a study published in BMC Women's Health also surveyed women's preferences concerning penis size and concluded that “width rather than length is the most important factor of sexual stimulation.” On the other hand, the several studies regarding the average size of the human penis is not too reliable. The majority of such studies is said to be the product of self-selection bias. This means that men with a smaller than average penis might be less likely to allow themselves to be measured, while the men with a larger than average penis might be more likely to allow themselves to be measured. So therefore, in truth, it is unknown if this conjectured self-selection bias has been confirmed by any studies, or if any studies have attempted to account for the potential self-selection bias regarding penis size.
But just to satisfy your curiosity on just how average is average when it comes to size, then read on. At birth, the average stretched penile length is about 4 cm, and 90% of newborn boys will be between 2.4 and 5.5 cm or 0.9 and 2.2 inches. Academic and Scientific Studies published in the September 1996 Journal of Urology concluded that average erect length for adults was 12.9 cm or 5.0 in. A study by a Brazilian urologist meantime found an average of 14.6 cm or 5.8 in while a study conducted by the Korean Consumer Protection Board (KCPB) at a college campus found that an average of 15.5 cm or 6.1 in. On the other hand, the German study in 1996 reported an average of 14.5 cm or 5.7 in while a study conducted by LifeStyles Condoms during 2001 in Cancún, Mexico found an average of 5.9 in with a standard deviation of 0.8 in. In an Internet Survey performed by Sizesurvey.com found, the average of 16 cm or 6.4 in is measured while Jackinworld.com found an average of 15.6 cm or 6.1 inches.
As for perceptions, in a 2005 study by the University of California, Los Angeles, 45% of men would prefer their penis size increased. While 84% of respondents rated their penis size as average to above average. It is clear that men may tend to misjudge the size of their penis relative to that of other men simply because of the foreshortening effect obtained from always looking down at the penis from above. Funny but true, in fact, a survey by sexologists showed that many men who believed that their penis was inadequate actually had a normal-sized penis. Truly, worries about penis size come from some other source of anxiety or just some perceived inadequacy.
But the truth of the matter is the most sensitive area of the vagina is the section closest to the outside, which is roughly 10 centimeters in length. Given that, the average penis size then is above this length and most men should easily reach and stimulate these erotic nerve endings then. In fact, stimulation of the women’s G-spot may be even more effective if the man's penis is slightly shorter than the average, as this area of the vagina is closer to the opening of vagina than to its recesses. On the other hand, stimulation of the G-Spot may be better done if the penis is thicker than average since pleasure sensations are activated primarily by pressure and more friction against the vestibular bulbs. In fact, if a penis is thick enough compared with the vaginal opening, then vulva stretching will occur and will cause the clitoral hood across the clitoris for additional stimulation on these nerve endings.
Given these facts, consider well then your attempt to change the actual size of your penis. Instead, you can make it easier on you by making your dear penis appear bigger, by trimming the pubic hair or by losing weight.
PENIS SIZE
Do you know that compared to other primates, even including larger primates such as the gigantic gorilla, the male human genitalia are relatively large?! That’s right; man is truly the king of the animal kingdom, not only by his brains but also by his balls.This is because, the human penis is both longer and thicker than of any other primate, and thisincludes as well the testes.
And though even with this fact, the rest of the species in the animal kingdom may not care aboutthis, penis size continues to be of great concernto many of us humans. In fact, some considerhaving a large penis as a mark of masculinity while there are those who are concerned thattheir penis is too small to satisfy their sexual partner. However, these insecurities only haveled to many erroneous beliefs about penis size thus leading to a whole industry devoted to penis enlargement which is really not necessary.
However, in a travel through time, we can see that like the proportions of beauty, so too has the dimensions of the ideal penis size changed. In past perceptions of the ancient Greek and Roman art, it is common to see the male genitalia to be relatively smaller than one would expect for the size of the man. In fact, Renaissance art followed this aesthetic as can be seen in Michelangelo's David. This was due to the belief that at that time, an uncircumcised small penis was desirable compared to a long, thick, circumcised penis which was then viewed as comical. Psychologically speaking, this may be attributed to the Greeks' adoration of an undeveloped body. Or this could be just a real portrayal of the actual size of the real models at that time that has to go to the ordeal of having to stand in cold studios.
Nowadays, it is completely the opposite. The hullabaloo spent on this entire penis size thing is only apparent in the forwarded theories of held popular cultures, where some state that it is possible to predict the size of someone’s penis just by observing the other features of the body. The features usually include the hands, feet, nose or height. One urban legend even suggests that the size of a fully erect penis is approximately the length from the tip of a man's thumb to the tip of his index finger if a 90° angle is made with the two digits. However, the suggested links between penis size and other body parts has been investigated only by a relatively small number of groups, which may well be inaccurate. However, a potential explanation for some observations on these links is that the development of the penis in an embryo is controlled by some of the same Hox genes, in particular the HOXA13 and HOXD13, as the limbs develop. Still, Science can only conclude that given the large number of genes which control the development of the human body shape as well as the effects of hormones during childhood and adolescence it is an inaccurate prediction of penis size to have it linked to measuring a different part of the human body.
For the long and short of all issues about penis size thoug, what remains is that penis size is determined by genetics especially as the size changes during puberty. Penis growth starts between the ages of 10 to 14 years, though some boys are younger and some are older. Its is the testicles who begin to enlarge first and then the hair grows in the pubic region. The penis grows in length first and then in girth slightly later to that. An average penis size for the mature non-erect adult is between 3 to 5 inches. However, for teenagers, they have to wait one or two more years after they have stopped growing in height before they can be sure about their final penis size since body size can affect the penis length. In fact, if a person is overweight or obese then this will definitely affect the penis as it will look a lot smaller as it is surrounded and sometimes almost engulfed by fat. This is called a concealed penis and is a bog turn-off.
And though even with this fact, the rest of the species in the animal kingdom may not care aboutthis, penis size continues to be of great concernto many of us humans. In fact, some considerhaving a large penis as a mark of masculinity while there are those who are concerned thattheir penis is too small to satisfy their sexual partner. However, these insecurities only haveled to many erroneous beliefs about penis size thus leading to a whole industry devoted to penis enlargement which is really not necessary.
However, in a travel through time, we can see that like the proportions of beauty, so too has the dimensions of the ideal penis size changed. In past perceptions of the ancient Greek and Roman art, it is common to see the male genitalia to be relatively smaller than one would expect for the size of the man. In fact, Renaissance art followed this aesthetic as can be seen in Michelangelo's David. This was due to the belief that at that time, an uncircumcised small penis was desirable compared to a long, thick, circumcised penis which was then viewed as comical. Psychologically speaking, this may be attributed to the Greeks' adoration of an undeveloped body. Or this could be just a real portrayal of the actual size of the real models at that time that has to go to the ordeal of having to stand in cold studios.
Nowadays, it is completely the opposite. The hullabaloo spent on this entire penis size thing is only apparent in the forwarded theories of held popular cultures, where some state that it is possible to predict the size of someone’s penis just by observing the other features of the body. The features usually include the hands, feet, nose or height. One urban legend even suggests that the size of a fully erect penis is approximately the length from the tip of a man's thumb to the tip of his index finger if a 90° angle is made with the two digits. However, the suggested links between penis size and other body parts has been investigated only by a relatively small number of groups, which may well be inaccurate. However, a potential explanation for some observations on these links is that the development of the penis in an embryo is controlled by some of the same Hox genes, in particular the HOXA13 and HOXD13, as the limbs develop. Still, Science can only conclude that given the large number of genes which control the development of the human body shape as well as the effects of hormones during childhood and adolescence it is an inaccurate prediction of penis size to have it linked to measuring a different part of the human body.
For the long and short of all issues about penis size thoug, what remains is that penis size is determined by genetics especially as the size changes during puberty. Penis growth starts between the ages of 10 to 14 years, though some boys are younger and some are older. Its is the testicles who begin to enlarge first and then the hair grows in the pubic region. The penis grows in length first and then in girth slightly later to that. An average penis size for the mature non-erect adult is between 3 to 5 inches. However, for teenagers, they have to wait one or two more years after they have stopped growing in height before they can be sure about their final penis size since body size can affect the penis length. In fact, if a person is overweight or obese then this will definitely affect the penis as it will look a lot smaller as it is surrounded and sometimes almost engulfed by fat. This is called a concealed penis and is a bog turn-off.
PREMATURE EJACULATION
Premature Ejaculation (PE) is a sexual dysfunction that takes place when a man ejaculates before he wishes to. Often,the primary cause of premature ejaculation is the uncontrollable and overwhelming urge to ejaculate.This is often cause by the over-stimulationby your lover. But then again,you cannot always blame that gorgeous and sexy woman for your own shortcomings!So even if this urge seems impossible to fight, my man, it is your battle, and if you want to keep that gorgeous woman, you’d better learn how to put a reign on your own self!
Inspite of all its faults, premature ejaculation is nothing short of your body reaction to ensure impregnation and the survival of our esteemed species. In a nutshell, basically it's a natural reaction which you can naturally alter also. Its not a physical problem that only surgery can improve, so don’t taunt yourself byhallucinating that there is something medically wrong with you. Its just a matter of consciously orsubconsciously learning to control your body's reaction to intercourse. So all you have to do is simply teach your body to behave under your control and age has got nothing to do with it.
To better help you in your problem, it is important that we first determine your level of premature ejaculation. According to a study presented by C. W. Hastings, a celebrated British sexual therapist, Premature Ejaculation (PE) can be classified into Level 1, Level 2, Level 3, and Level 4, all depending on factors such as cause, how severe it is, and how long the patient suffers of it.
Level 1 is characterized by bad masturbation habits especially during adolescence where by masturbating pretty fast, only defeats the purpose of the ejaculatory reflex. This then is replaced it with the the habit of reaching an orgasm fast. On the other hand, level 2 of PE is caused by stress, anxiety, or emotional tension. This is where work-related or personal problems only trigger PE Level 2, though similarly to PE Level 1, this can be easily treated when timely diagnosed. The level 3 of PE is mainly caused as a development of a poorly treated PE Level 2 where the cause of the problem is a permanent unbalance between serotonin and dopamine levels in the brain. This only excessively increases the impulse that triggers the ejaculatory reflex. Finally, level 4 is considered as the most severe PE Level because it eventually becomes a disorder and there are few alternatives that will solve the problem because it usually requires the direct help of a professional. Premature ejaculation is often considered a psychological problem in some cases and doctors believe that early sexual experiences may only establish the lifelong pattern.
Consider for instance how you got to where you are sexually now. If you grew up in a family that considered sex as dirty or sinful, then you may only have developed guilty feelings which increase your tendency to rush through your sexual urge. But it is also to be considered that biological factors can also cause premature ejaculation where a difference in certain hormone levels and in the sensitivity of their genitalia may prove to be the culprit.
Whatever the cause might be, there’s something common about all the PE and that is the ejaculatory reflex which starts in the urethra and consists of a series of involuntary contractions that force the sperm out of the penis. This reflex is then controlled by the Pubococcygeus (PC) muscle. To regain control over the ejaculatory reflex you have to therefore control your PC muscle.
This brings me then to the PC or pubococcygeus exercises which can be helpful in curing premature ejaculation. However, be forwarned that practicing PC exercises incorrectly can only cause you permanent erectile dysfunction, leading to impotence and damaging the function of your penis forever. Your PC is a muscle group which comes in line your pelvic floor and cradles your anus and sex organs attaching your pubic bone to your coccyx. It is shaped like a hammock and has earned the title "the sex muscle" because it can help you with your premature ejaculation, reduce the chances of impotence, improve the amount of pleasure you get from sex and even drastically eliminate the probability of falling foul of your ejaculatory reflex.
Inspite of all its faults, premature ejaculation is nothing short of your body reaction to ensure impregnation and the survival of our esteemed species. In a nutshell, basically it's a natural reaction which you can naturally alter also. Its not a physical problem that only surgery can improve, so don’t taunt yourself byhallucinating that there is something medically wrong with you. Its just a matter of consciously orsubconsciously learning to control your body's reaction to intercourse. So all you have to do is simply teach your body to behave under your control and age has got nothing to do with it.
To better help you in your problem, it is important that we first determine your level of premature ejaculation. According to a study presented by C. W. Hastings, a celebrated British sexual therapist, Premature Ejaculation (PE) can be classified into Level 1, Level 2, Level 3, and Level 4, all depending on factors such as cause, how severe it is, and how long the patient suffers of it.
Level 1 is characterized by bad masturbation habits especially during adolescence where by masturbating pretty fast, only defeats the purpose of the ejaculatory reflex. This then is replaced it with the the habit of reaching an orgasm fast. On the other hand, level 2 of PE is caused by stress, anxiety, or emotional tension. This is where work-related or personal problems only trigger PE Level 2, though similarly to PE Level 1, this can be easily treated when timely diagnosed. The level 3 of PE is mainly caused as a development of a poorly treated PE Level 2 where the cause of the problem is a permanent unbalance between serotonin and dopamine levels in the brain. This only excessively increases the impulse that triggers the ejaculatory reflex. Finally, level 4 is considered as the most severe PE Level because it eventually becomes a disorder and there are few alternatives that will solve the problem because it usually requires the direct help of a professional. Premature ejaculation is often considered a psychological problem in some cases and doctors believe that early sexual experiences may only establish the lifelong pattern.
Consider for instance how you got to where you are sexually now. If you grew up in a family that considered sex as dirty or sinful, then you may only have developed guilty feelings which increase your tendency to rush through your sexual urge. But it is also to be considered that biological factors can also cause premature ejaculation where a difference in certain hormone levels and in the sensitivity of their genitalia may prove to be the culprit.
Whatever the cause might be, there’s something common about all the PE and that is the ejaculatory reflex which starts in the urethra and consists of a series of involuntary contractions that force the sperm out of the penis. This reflex is then controlled by the Pubococcygeus (PC) muscle. To regain control over the ejaculatory reflex you have to therefore control your PC muscle.
This brings me then to the PC or pubococcygeus exercises which can be helpful in curing premature ejaculation. However, be forwarned that practicing PC exercises incorrectly can only cause you permanent erectile dysfunction, leading to impotence and damaging the function of your penis forever. Your PC is a muscle group which comes in line your pelvic floor and cradles your anus and sex organs attaching your pubic bone to your coccyx. It is shaped like a hammock and has earned the title "the sex muscle" because it can help you with your premature ejaculation, reduce the chances of impotence, improve the amount of pleasure you get from sex and even drastically eliminate the probability of falling foul of your ejaculatory reflex.
WEAK ERECTION
A weak erection is often caused by an insufficient blood flow where the penile chambers that expand and hold blood in the penis do not get the necessary blood flow. This can be the result of the hindrances to the arteries and veins to constrict and reduce blood flow which include smoking and a high fat diet. Also, venous leaking by a penile injury can also bethe culprit.
However, sometimes men are too preoccupied with performance anxiety and pointing fingers at their penis for perpetually being in a weak state. To clear your head through this, bear in mind that a flaccid penis size is no indicator of erect penis size though in some men their penis hardly changes size between flaccid and erect states. Men often pound on the flaccid penis size and thisbecomes what concerns men the most. For your own assurance, here are some solid statistics to compare notes with – the average adult flaccid penis is in the range 2.5 to 4.5 inches or about 6-11 centimeters long. The average adult erect penis however is in the range of 4 to 8 inches or 10-20 centimeters.
ve Weak Erections which can eventually lead to impotence. With a weak erection, the male penis can barely enter the female vaginal and provides a weak stimulation. At the same time, the nerves in the penis that provide the stimulation to achieve an orgasm and ejaculation do not get the proper nutrients to maintain its health. Mostly, the common symptoms of weak erection include lowered blood flow to penile region and damaged tissue chambers resulting in venous leaks. It can also show through weak nervous stimulations as well as soft erections. If you have these symptoms, you can take herbal remedy such as Power E that may improve the blood flow to the penis as well as improve your control, size, and the girth of your penis. Also, you can learn combinations of techniques which you can use to strengthen your penis and improve your ejaculation control to give more satisfaction by lasting longer and firmer in bed. One combination of such techniques is called the Sexual ChiKong and Natural Ejaculation Control Technique.
However, sometimes men are too preoccupied with performance anxiety and pointing fingers at their penis for perpetually being in a weak state. To clear your head through this, bear in mind that a flaccid penis size is no indicator of erect penis size though in some men their penis hardly changes size between flaccid and erect states. Men often pound on the flaccid penis size and thisbecomes what concerns men the most. For your own assurance, here are some solid statistics to compare notes with – the average adult flaccid penis is in the range 2.5 to 4.5 inches or about 6-11 centimeters long. The average adult erect penis however is in the range of 4 to 8 inches or 10-20 centimeters.
ve Weak Erections which can eventually lead to impotence. With a weak erection, the male penis can barely enter the female vaginal and provides a weak stimulation. At the same time, the nerves in the penis that provide the stimulation to achieve an orgasm and ejaculation do not get the proper nutrients to maintain its health. Mostly, the common symptoms of weak erection include lowered blood flow to penile region and damaged tissue chambers resulting in venous leaks. It can also show through weak nervous stimulations as well as soft erections. If you have these symptoms, you can take herbal remedy such as Power E that may improve the blood flow to the penis as well as improve your control, size, and the girth of your penis. Also, you can learn combinations of techniques which you can use to strengthen your penis and improve your ejaculation control to give more satisfaction by lasting longer and firmer in bed. One combination of such techniques is called the Sexual ChiKong and Natural Ejaculation Control Technique.
PENIS SIZE
Do you know that compared to other primates, even including larger primates such as the gigantic gorilla, the male human genitalia are relatively large?! That’s right; man is truly the king of the animal kingdom, not only by his brains but also by his balls.This is because, the human penis is both longer and thicker than of any other primate, and thisincludes as well the testes.
And though even with this fact, the rest of the species in the animal kingdom may not care aboutthis, penis size continues to be of great concernto many of us humans. In fact, some considerhaving a large penis as a mark of masculinity while there are those who are concerned thattheir penis is too small to satisfy their sexual partner. However, these insecurities only haveled to many erroneous beliefs about penis size thus leading to a whole industry devoted to penis enlargement which is really not necessary.
However, in a travel through time, we can see that like the proportions of beauty, so too has the dimensions of the ideal penis size changed. In past perceptions of the ancient Greek and Roman art, it is common to see the male genitalia to be relatively smaller than one would expect for the size of the man. In fact, Renaissance art followed this aesthetic as can be seen in Michelangelo's David. This was due to the belief that at that time, an uncircumcised small penis was desirable compared to a long, thick, circumcised penis which was then viewed as comical. Psychologically speaking, this may be attributed to the Greeks' adoration of an undeveloped body. Or this could be just a real portrayal of the actual size of the real models at that time that has to go to the ordeal of having to stand in cold studios.
Nowadays, it is completely the opposite. The hullabaloo spent on this entire penis size thing is only apparent in the forwarded theories of held popular cultures, where some state that it is possible to predict the size of someone’s penis just by observing the other features of the body. The features usually include the hands, feet, nose or height. One urban legend even suggests that the size of a fully erect penis is approximately the length from the tip of a man's thumb to the tip of his index finger if a 90° angle is made with the two digits. However, the suggested links between penis size and other body parts has been investigated only by a relatively small number of groups, which may well be inaccurate. However, a potential explanation for some observations on these links is that the development of the penis in an embryo is controlled by some of the same Hox genes, in particular the HOXA13 and HOXD13, as the limbs develop. Still, Science can only conclude that given the large number of genes which control the development of the human body shape as well as the effects of hormones during childhood and adolescence it is an inaccurate prediction of penis size to have it linked to measuring a different part of the human body.
For the long and short of all issues about penis size thoug, what remains is that penis size is determined by genetics especially as the size changes during puberty. Penis growth starts between the ages of 10 to 14 years, though some boys are younger and some are older. Its is the testicles who begin to enlarge first and then the hair grows in the pubic region. The penis grows in length first and then in girth slightly later to that. An average penis size for the mature non-erect adult is between 3 to 5 inches. However, for teenagers, they have to wait one or two more years after they have stopped growing in height before they can be sure about their final penis size since body size can affect the penis length. In fact, if a person is overweight or obese then this will definitely affect the penis as it will look a lot smaller as it is surrounded and sometimes almost engulfed by fat. This is called a concealed penis and is a bog turn-off.
And though even with this fact, the rest of the species in the animal kingdom may not care aboutthis, penis size continues to be of great concernto many of us humans. In fact, some considerhaving a large penis as a mark of masculinity while there are those who are concerned thattheir penis is too small to satisfy their sexual partner. However, these insecurities only haveled to many erroneous beliefs about penis size thus leading to a whole industry devoted to penis enlargement which is really not necessary.
However, in a travel through time, we can see that like the proportions of beauty, so too has the dimensions of the ideal penis size changed. In past perceptions of the ancient Greek and Roman art, it is common to see the male genitalia to be relatively smaller than one would expect for the size of the man. In fact, Renaissance art followed this aesthetic as can be seen in Michelangelo's David. This was due to the belief that at that time, an uncircumcised small penis was desirable compared to a long, thick, circumcised penis which was then viewed as comical. Psychologically speaking, this may be attributed to the Greeks' adoration of an undeveloped body. Or this could be just a real portrayal of the actual size of the real models at that time that has to go to the ordeal of having to stand in cold studios.
Nowadays, it is completely the opposite. The hullabaloo spent on this entire penis size thing is only apparent in the forwarded theories of held popular cultures, where some state that it is possible to predict the size of someone’s penis just by observing the other features of the body. The features usually include the hands, feet, nose or height. One urban legend even suggests that the size of a fully erect penis is approximately the length from the tip of a man's thumb to the tip of his index finger if a 90° angle is made with the two digits. However, the suggested links between penis size and other body parts has been investigated only by a relatively small number of groups, which may well be inaccurate. However, a potential explanation for some observations on these links is that the development of the penis in an embryo is controlled by some of the same Hox genes, in particular the HOXA13 and HOXD13, as the limbs develop. Still, Science can only conclude that given the large number of genes which control the development of the human body shape as well as the effects of hormones during childhood and adolescence it is an inaccurate prediction of penis size to have it linked to measuring a different part of the human body.
For the long and short of all issues about penis size thoug, what remains is that penis size is determined by genetics especially as the size changes during puberty. Penis growth starts between the ages of 10 to 14 years, though some boys are younger and some are older. Its is the testicles who begin to enlarge first and then the hair grows in the pubic region. The penis grows in length first and then in girth slightly later to that. An average penis size for the mature non-erect adult is between 3 to 5 inches. However, for teenagers, they have to wait one or two more years after they have stopped growing in height before they can be sure about their final penis size since body size can affect the penis length. In fact, if a person is overweight or obese then this will definitely affect the penis as it will look a lot smaller as it is surrounded and sometimes almost engulfed by fat. This is called a concealed penis and is a bog turn-off.
men's health -
5 Things You Didn't Know About Your Penis
Here are some things you might have wondered about your penis, but were afraid to ask.
No. 1: Your Penis Does Have a Mind of Its Own
You've probably noticed that your penis often does its own thing. You may remember times when it was completely inappropriate to have an erection; and yet you couldn't wish it away.
It's true that you have less command over your penis than body parts like your arms and legs. That's because the penis answers to a part of the nervous system that's not always under your conscious control. This is called the autonomic nervous system, which also regulates heart rate and blood pressure.
Sexual arousal usually isn't voluntary. The conscious mind is complicit in it, but a lot of sexual arousal goes on in the sympathetic nervous system. In addition, impulses from the brain during the REM phase of sleep cause erections, whether you're dreaming about sex or about a test you forgot to study for. Heavy lifting or straining to have a bowel movement can also produce an erection.
Just as the penis grows without your consent, sometimes it shrinks. "The flaccid penis varies in size considerably within a given man," says Drogo Montague, MD, a urologist at the Cleveland Clinic. Exposure to cold water or air makes your penis shrink. That's a function of the sympathetic nervous system.
Psychological stress also involves the sympathetic nervous system, and stress has the same effect as a cold shower, Montague says. When you're relaxed and feeling well, your flaccid penis looks bigger than when you're stressed out.
The penis is "kind of a barometer of the sympathetic nervous system," Montague says. So the greeting, "How's it hanging?" is more apt than you might have realized.
No. 2: Your Penis May Be a 'Grower' or a 'Show-er'
Among men, there is no consistent relationship between the size of the flaccid penis and its full erect length.
In one study of 80 men, researchers found that increases from flaccid to erect lengths ranged widely, from less than a quarter inch to 3.5 inches longer.
Whatever the clinical significance of these data may be, the locker-room significance is considerable. You can't assume that a dude with a big limp penis gets much bigger with an erection. And the guy whose penis looks tiny could surprise you with a big erection.
An analysis of more than thousand measurements taken by sex researcher Alfred Kinsey shows that shorter flaccid penises tend to gain about twice as much length as longer flaccid penises.
A penis that doesn't gain much length with an erection has become known as a "show-er," and a penis that gains a lot is said to be a "grower." These are not medical terms, and there aren't scientifically established thresholds for what's a show-er or a grower.
Kinsey's data suggest that most penises aren't extreme show-ers or growers. About 12% of penises gained one-third or less of their total length with an erection, and about 7% doubled in length when erect.
No. 3: Your Penis Is Shaped Like a Boomerang
Your penis is shaped like a boomerang. Just like you don't see all of a big oak tree above ground, you don't see the root of your penis tucked up inside your pelvis and attached to your pubic bone.
In an MRI picture, the penis looks distinctly boomerang-like, as noted by a French researcher who studied men and women having sex inside an MRI scanner.
One method of surgical "penis enlargement" is to cut the ligament that holds the root of the penis up inside the pelvis. This operation may give some men a little extra length if more of the penis protrudes from the body, but there are side effects. This ligament, called the suspensory ligament, makes an erection sturdy. With that ligament cut, the erect penis loses its upward angle and it wobbles at the base. The lack of sturdiness can lead to injury.
No. 4: You Can Break Your Penis
There is no "penis bone," but you can break your penis all the same. It's called penile fracture, and it's not a subtle injury. When it happens, there's "an audible pop or snap," Montague says. Then the penis turns black and blue. And there's terrible pain.
Penile fracture is rare, and it typically happens to younger men because their erections tend to be quite rigid.
Here's how to avoid penile fracture: don't use your penis too roughly. A common way that penile fracture happens, Montague says, is when a man is thrusting too hard and fast during sex, and slams into his partner's pubic bone. Also, a woman who moves wildly while on top of a man during sex can break a man's penis.
Peyronie's syndrome is a related condition that tends to show up more in older men, Montague says. An older man's erection may not be as rigid, but still is hard enough for sex. Over time, if the penis bends too much a certain way during sex, small tears in the tissue can form scars, and the accumulated scar tissue gives the penis an abnormally curved shape.
Not all penis curvature is a problem, however.
No. 5: Most Penises in the World Are Uncut
A report by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimates that worldwide only 30% of males aged 15 and up are circumcised.
Rates vary greatly depending upon religion and nationality. Almost all Jewish and Muslim males in the world have circumcised penises, and together they account for about 70% of all circumcised males globally.
The United States has the highest proportion of males circumcised for non-religious reasons. A whopping 75% of non-Jewish, non-Muslim American men are circumcised. Compare that to Canada, where only 30% are. In the U.K. it's 20%; in Australia it's merely 6%.
The practice of circumcising baby boys for medical and cosmetic reasons has become controversial in the U.S. But recently the World Health Organization (WHO) and the UUNAIDS recommended circumcision for adult men, based upon evidence that men with circumcised penises have a lower risk of being infected with HIV.
The CDC estimates that about 65% of all newborn boys get circumcised in the U.S
Here are some things you might have wondered about your penis, but were afraid to ask.
No. 1: Your Penis Does Have a Mind of Its Own
You've probably noticed that your penis often does its own thing. You may remember times when it was completely inappropriate to have an erection; and yet you couldn't wish it away.
It's true that you have less command over your penis than body parts like your arms and legs. That's because the penis answers to a part of the nervous system that's not always under your conscious control. This is called the autonomic nervous system, which also regulates heart rate and blood pressure.
Sexual arousal usually isn't voluntary. The conscious mind is complicit in it, but a lot of sexual arousal goes on in the sympathetic nervous system. In addition, impulses from the brain during the REM phase of sleep cause erections, whether you're dreaming about sex or about a test you forgot to study for. Heavy lifting or straining to have a bowel movement can also produce an erection.
Just as the penis grows without your consent, sometimes it shrinks. "The flaccid penis varies in size considerably within a given man," says Drogo Montague, MD, a urologist at the Cleveland Clinic. Exposure to cold water or air makes your penis shrink. That's a function of the sympathetic nervous system.
Psychological stress also involves the sympathetic nervous system, and stress has the same effect as a cold shower, Montague says. When you're relaxed and feeling well, your flaccid penis looks bigger than when you're stressed out.
The penis is "kind of a barometer of the sympathetic nervous system," Montague says. So the greeting, "How's it hanging?" is more apt than you might have realized.
No. 2: Your Penis May Be a 'Grower' or a 'Show-er'
Among men, there is no consistent relationship between the size of the flaccid penis and its full erect length.
In one study of 80 men, researchers found that increases from flaccid to erect lengths ranged widely, from less than a quarter inch to 3.5 inches longer.
Whatever the clinical significance of these data may be, the locker-room significance is considerable. You can't assume that a dude with a big limp penis gets much bigger with an erection. And the guy whose penis looks tiny could surprise you with a big erection.
An analysis of more than thousand measurements taken by sex researcher Alfred Kinsey shows that shorter flaccid penises tend to gain about twice as much length as longer flaccid penises.
A penis that doesn't gain much length with an erection has become known as a "show-er," and a penis that gains a lot is said to be a "grower." These are not medical terms, and there aren't scientifically established thresholds for what's a show-er or a grower.
Kinsey's data suggest that most penises aren't extreme show-ers or growers. About 12% of penises gained one-third or less of their total length with an erection, and about 7% doubled in length when erect.
No. 3: Your Penis Is Shaped Like a Boomerang
Your penis is shaped like a boomerang. Just like you don't see all of a big oak tree above ground, you don't see the root of your penis tucked up inside your pelvis and attached to your pubic bone.
In an MRI picture, the penis looks distinctly boomerang-like, as noted by a French researcher who studied men and women having sex inside an MRI scanner.
One method of surgical "penis enlargement" is to cut the ligament that holds the root of the penis up inside the pelvis. This operation may give some men a little extra length if more of the penis protrudes from the body, but there are side effects. This ligament, called the suspensory ligament, makes an erection sturdy. With that ligament cut, the erect penis loses its upward angle and it wobbles at the base. The lack of sturdiness can lead to injury.
No. 4: You Can Break Your Penis
There is no "penis bone," but you can break your penis all the same. It's called penile fracture, and it's not a subtle injury. When it happens, there's "an audible pop or snap," Montague says. Then the penis turns black and blue. And there's terrible pain.
Penile fracture is rare, and it typically happens to younger men because their erections tend to be quite rigid.
Here's how to avoid penile fracture: don't use your penis too roughly. A common way that penile fracture happens, Montague says, is when a man is thrusting too hard and fast during sex, and slams into his partner's pubic bone. Also, a woman who moves wildly while on top of a man during sex can break a man's penis.
Peyronie's syndrome is a related condition that tends to show up more in older men, Montague says. An older man's erection may not be as rigid, but still is hard enough for sex. Over time, if the penis bends too much a certain way during sex, small tears in the tissue can form scars, and the accumulated scar tissue gives the penis an abnormally curved shape.
Not all penis curvature is a problem, however.
No. 5: Most Penises in the World Are Uncut
A report by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimates that worldwide only 30% of males aged 15 and up are circumcised.
Rates vary greatly depending upon religion and nationality. Almost all Jewish and Muslim males in the world have circumcised penises, and together they account for about 70% of all circumcised males globally.
The United States has the highest proportion of males circumcised for non-religious reasons. A whopping 75% of non-Jewish, non-Muslim American men are circumcised. Compare that to Canada, where only 30% are. In the U.K. it's 20%; in Australia it's merely 6%.
The practice of circumcising baby boys for medical and cosmetic reasons has become controversial in the U.S. But recently the World Health Organization (WHO) and the UUNAIDS recommended circumcision for adult men, based upon evidence that men with circumcised penises have a lower risk of being infected with HIV.
The CDC estimates that about 65% of all newborn boys get circumcised in the U.S
men's health -
5 Things You Didn't Know About Your Penis
Here are some things you might have wondered about your penis, but were afraid to ask.
No. 1: Your Penis Does Have a Mind of Its Own
You've probably noticed that your penis often does its own thing. You may remember times when it was completely inappropriate to have an erection; and yet you couldn't wish it away.
It's true that you have less command over your penis than body parts like your arms and legs. That's because the penis answers to a part of the nervous system that's not always under your conscious control. This is called the autonomic nervous system, which also regulates heart rate and blood pressure.
Sexual arousal usually isn't voluntary. The conscious mind is complicit in it, but a lot of sexual arousal goes on in the sympathetic nervous system. In addition, impulses from the brain during the REM phase of sleep cause erections, whether you're dreaming about sex or about a test you forgot to study for. Heavy lifting or straining to have a bowel movement can also produce an erection.
Just as the penis grows without your consent, sometimes it shrinks. "The flaccid penis varies in size considerably within a given man," says Drogo Montague, MD, a urologist at the Cleveland Clinic. Exposure to cold water or air makes your penis shrink. That's a function of the sympathetic nervous system.
Psychological stress also involves the sympathetic nervous system, and stress has the same effect as a cold shower, Montague says. When you're relaxed and feeling well, your flaccid penis looks bigger than when you're stressed out.
The penis is "kind of a barometer of the sympathetic nervous system," Montague says. So the greeting, "How's it hanging?" is more apt than you might have realized.
No. 2: Your Penis May Be a 'Grower' or a 'Show-er'
Among men, there is no consistent relationship between the size of the flaccid penis and its full erect length.
In one study of 80 men, researchers found that increases from flaccid to erect lengths ranged widely, from less than a quarter inch to 3.5 inches longer.
Whatever the clinical significance of these data may be, the locker-room significance is considerable. You can't assume that a dude with a big limp penis gets much bigger with an erection. And the guy whose penis looks tiny could surprise you with a big erection.
An analysis of more than thousand measurements taken by sex researcher Alfred Kinsey shows that shorter flaccid penises tend to gain about twice as much length as longer flaccid penises.
A penis that doesn't gain much length with an erection has become known as a "show-er," and a penis that gains a lot is said to be a "grower." These are not medical terms, and there aren't scientifically established thresholds for what's a show-er or a grower.
Kinsey's data suggest that most penises aren't extreme show-ers or growers. About 12% of penises gained one-third or less of their total length with an erection, and about 7% doubled in length when erect.
No. 3: Your Penis Is Shaped Like a Boomerang
Your penis is shaped like a boomerang. Just like you don't see all of a big oak tree above ground, you don't see the root of your penis tucked up inside your pelvis and attached to your pubic bone.
In an MRI picture, the penis looks distinctly boomerang-like, as noted by a French researcher who studied men and women having sex inside an MRI scanner.
One method of surgical "penis enlargement" is to cut the ligament that holds the root of the penis up inside the pelvis. This operation may give some men a little extra length if more of the penis protrudes from the body, but there are side effects. This ligament, called the suspensory ligament, makes an erection sturdy. With that ligament cut, the erect penis loses its upward angle and it wobbles at the base. The lack of sturdiness can lead to injury.
No. 4: You Can Break Your Penis
There is no "penis bone," but you can break your penis all the same. It's called penile fracture, and it's not a subtle injury. When it happens, there's "an audible pop or snap," Montague says. Then the penis turns black and blue. And there's terrible pain.
Penile fracture is rare, and it typically happens to younger men because their erections tend to be quite rigid.
Here's how to avoid penile fracture: don't use your penis too roughly. A common way that penile fracture happens, Montague says, is when a man is thrusting too hard and fast during sex, and slams into his partner's pubic bone. Also, a woman who moves wildly while on top of a man during sex can break a man's penis.
Peyronie's syndrome is a related condition that tends to show up more in older men, Montague says. An older man's erection may not be as rigid, but still is hard enough for sex. Over time, if the penis bends too much a certain way during sex, small tears in the tissue can form scars, and the accumulated scar tissue gives the penis an abnormally curved shape.
Not all penis curvature is a problem, however.
No. 5: Most Penises in the World Are Uncut
A report by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimates that worldwide only 30% of males aged 15 and up are circumcised.
Rates vary greatly depending upon religion and nationality. Almost all Jewish and Muslim males in the world have circumcised penises, and together they account for about 70% of all circumcised males globally.
The United States has the highest proportion of males circumcised for non-religious reasons. A whopping 75% of non-Jewish, non-Muslim American men are circumcised. Compare that to Canada, where only 30% are. In the U.K. it's 20%; in Australia it's merely 6%.
The practice of circumcising baby boys for medical and cosmetic reasons has become controversial in the U.S. But recently the World Health Organization (WHO) and the UUNAIDS recommended circumcision for adult men, based upon evidence that men with circumcised penises have a lower risk of being infected with HIV.
The CDC estimates that about 65% of all newborn boys get circumcised in the U.S
Here are some things you might have wondered about your penis, but were afraid to ask.
No. 1: Your Penis Does Have a Mind of Its Own
You've probably noticed that your penis often does its own thing. You may remember times when it was completely inappropriate to have an erection; and yet you couldn't wish it away.
It's true that you have less command over your penis than body parts like your arms and legs. That's because the penis answers to a part of the nervous system that's not always under your conscious control. This is called the autonomic nervous system, which also regulates heart rate and blood pressure.
Sexual arousal usually isn't voluntary. The conscious mind is complicit in it, but a lot of sexual arousal goes on in the sympathetic nervous system. In addition, impulses from the brain during the REM phase of sleep cause erections, whether you're dreaming about sex or about a test you forgot to study for. Heavy lifting or straining to have a bowel movement can also produce an erection.
Just as the penis grows without your consent, sometimes it shrinks. "The flaccid penis varies in size considerably within a given man," says Drogo Montague, MD, a urologist at the Cleveland Clinic. Exposure to cold water or air makes your penis shrink. That's a function of the sympathetic nervous system.
Psychological stress also involves the sympathetic nervous system, and stress has the same effect as a cold shower, Montague says. When you're relaxed and feeling well, your flaccid penis looks bigger than when you're stressed out.
The penis is "kind of a barometer of the sympathetic nervous system," Montague says. So the greeting, "How's it hanging?" is more apt than you might have realized.
No. 2: Your Penis May Be a 'Grower' or a 'Show-er'
Among men, there is no consistent relationship between the size of the flaccid penis and its full erect length.
In one study of 80 men, researchers found that increases from flaccid to erect lengths ranged widely, from less than a quarter inch to 3.5 inches longer.
Whatever the clinical significance of these data may be, the locker-room significance is considerable. You can't assume that a dude with a big limp penis gets much bigger with an erection. And the guy whose penis looks tiny could surprise you with a big erection.
An analysis of more than thousand measurements taken by sex researcher Alfred Kinsey shows that shorter flaccid penises tend to gain about twice as much length as longer flaccid penises.
A penis that doesn't gain much length with an erection has become known as a "show-er," and a penis that gains a lot is said to be a "grower." These are not medical terms, and there aren't scientifically established thresholds for what's a show-er or a grower.
Kinsey's data suggest that most penises aren't extreme show-ers or growers. About 12% of penises gained one-third or less of their total length with an erection, and about 7% doubled in length when erect.
No. 3: Your Penis Is Shaped Like a Boomerang
Your penis is shaped like a boomerang. Just like you don't see all of a big oak tree above ground, you don't see the root of your penis tucked up inside your pelvis and attached to your pubic bone.
In an MRI picture, the penis looks distinctly boomerang-like, as noted by a French researcher who studied men and women having sex inside an MRI scanner.
One method of surgical "penis enlargement" is to cut the ligament that holds the root of the penis up inside the pelvis. This operation may give some men a little extra length if more of the penis protrudes from the body, but there are side effects. This ligament, called the suspensory ligament, makes an erection sturdy. With that ligament cut, the erect penis loses its upward angle and it wobbles at the base. The lack of sturdiness can lead to injury.
No. 4: You Can Break Your Penis
There is no "penis bone," but you can break your penis all the same. It's called penile fracture, and it's not a subtle injury. When it happens, there's "an audible pop or snap," Montague says. Then the penis turns black and blue. And there's terrible pain.
Penile fracture is rare, and it typically happens to younger men because their erections tend to be quite rigid.
Here's how to avoid penile fracture: don't use your penis too roughly. A common way that penile fracture happens, Montague says, is when a man is thrusting too hard and fast during sex, and slams into his partner's pubic bone. Also, a woman who moves wildly while on top of a man during sex can break a man's penis.
Peyronie's syndrome is a related condition that tends to show up more in older men, Montague says. An older man's erection may not be as rigid, but still is hard enough for sex. Over time, if the penis bends too much a certain way during sex, small tears in the tissue can form scars, and the accumulated scar tissue gives the penis an abnormally curved shape.
Not all penis curvature is a problem, however.
No. 5: Most Penises in the World Are Uncut
A report by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimates that worldwide only 30% of males aged 15 and up are circumcised.
Rates vary greatly depending upon religion and nationality. Almost all Jewish and Muslim males in the world have circumcised penises, and together they account for about 70% of all circumcised males globally.
The United States has the highest proportion of males circumcised for non-religious reasons. A whopping 75% of non-Jewish, non-Muslim American men are circumcised. Compare that to Canada, where only 30% are. In the U.K. it's 20%; in Australia it's merely 6%.
The practice of circumcising baby boys for medical and cosmetic reasons has become controversial in the U.S. But recently the World Health Organization (WHO) and the UUNAIDS recommended circumcision for adult men, based upon evidence that men with circumcised penises have a lower risk of being infected with HIV.
The CDC estimates that about 65% of all newborn boys get circumcised in the U.S
men's health -
5 Things You Didn't Know About Your Penis
Here are some things you might have wondered about your penis, but were afraid to ask.
No. 1: Your Penis Does Have a Mind of Its Own
You've probably noticed that your penis often does its own thing. You may remember times when it was completely inappropriate to have an erection; and yet you couldn't wish it away.
It's true that you have less command over your penis than body parts like your arms and legs. That's because the penis answers to a part of the nervous system that's not always under your conscious control. This is called the autonomic nervous system, which also regulates heart rate and blood pressure.
Sexual arousal usually isn't voluntary. The conscious mind is complicit in it, but a lot of sexual arousal goes on in the sympathetic nervous system. In addition, impulses from the brain during the REM phase of sleep cause erections, whether you're dreaming about sex or about a test you forgot to study for. Heavy lifting or straining to have a bowel movement can also produce an erection.
Just as the penis grows without your consent, sometimes it shrinks. "The flaccid penis varies in size considerably within a given man," says Drogo Montague, MD, a urologist at the Cleveland Clinic. Exposure to cold water or air makes your penis shrink. That's a function of the sympathetic nervous system.
Psychological stress also involves the sympathetic nervous system, and stress has the same effect as a cold shower, Montague says. When you're relaxed and feeling well, your flaccid penis looks bigger than when you're stressed out.
The penis is "kind of a barometer of the sympathetic nervous system," Montague says. So the greeting, "How's it hanging?" is more apt than you might have realized.
No. 2: Your Penis May Be a 'Grower' or a 'Show-er'
Among men, there is no consistent relationship between the size of the flaccid penis and its full erect length.
In one study of 80 men, researchers found that increases from flaccid to erect lengths ranged widely, from less than a quarter inch to 3.5 inches longer.
Whatever the clinical significance of these data may be, the locker-room significance is considerable. You can't assume that a dude with a big limp penis gets much bigger with an erection. And the guy whose penis looks tiny could surprise you with a big erection.
An analysis of more than thousand measurements taken by sex researcher Alfred Kinsey shows that shorter flaccid penises tend to gain about twice as much length as longer flaccid penises.
A penis that doesn't gain much length with an erection has become known as a "show-er," and a penis that gains a lot is said to be a "grower." These are not medical terms, and there aren't scientifically established thresholds for what's a show-er or a grower.
Kinsey's data suggest that most penises aren't extreme show-ers or growers. About 12% of penises gained one-third or less of their total length with an erection, and about 7% doubled in length when erect.
No. 3: Your Penis Is Shaped Like a Boomerang
Your penis is shaped like a boomerang. Just like you don't see all of a big oak tree above ground, you don't see the root of your penis tucked up inside your pelvis and attached to your pubic bone.
In an MRI picture, the penis looks distinctly boomerang-like, as noted by a French researcher who studied men and women having sex inside an MRI scanner.
One method of surgical "penis enlargement" is to cut the ligament that holds the root of the penis up inside the pelvis. This operation may give some men a little extra length if more of the penis protrudes from the body, but there are side effects. This ligament, called the suspensory ligament, makes an erection sturdy. With that ligament cut, the erect penis loses its upward angle and it wobbles at the base. The lack of sturdiness can lead to injury.
No. 4: You Can Break Your Penis
There is no "penis bone," but you can break your penis all the same. It's called penile fracture, and it's not a subtle injury. When it happens, there's "an audible pop or snap," Montague says. Then the penis turns black and blue. And there's terrible pain.
Penile fracture is rare, and it typically happens to younger men because their erections tend to be quite rigid.
Here's how to avoid penile fracture: don't use your penis too roughly. A common way that penile fracture happens, Montague says, is when a man is thrusting too hard and fast during sex, and slams into his partner's pubic bone. Also, a woman who moves wildly while on top of a man during sex can break a man's penis.
Peyronie's syndrome is a related condition that tends to show up more in older men, Montague says. An older man's erection may not be as rigid, but still is hard enough for sex. Over time, if the penis bends too much a certain way during sex, small tears in the tissue can form scars, and the accumulated scar tissue gives the penis an abnormally curved shape.
Not all penis curvature is a problem, however.
No. 5: Most Penises in the World Are Uncut
A report by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimates that worldwide only 30% of males aged 15 and up are circumcised.
Rates vary greatly depending upon religion and nationality. Almost all Jewish and Muslim males in the world have circumcised penises, and together they account for about 70% of all circumcised males globally.
The United States has the highest proportion of males circumcised for non-religious reasons. A whopping 75% of non-Jewish, non-Muslim American men are circumcised. Compare that to Canada, where only 30% are. In the U.K. it's 20%; in Australia it's merely 6%.
The practice of circumcising baby boys for medical and cosmetic reasons has become controversial in the U.S. But recently the World Health Organization (WHO) and the UUNAIDS recommended circumcision for adult men, based upon evidence that men with circumcised penises have a lower risk of being infected with HIV.
The CDC estimates that about 65% of all newborn boys get circumcised in the U.S
Here are some things you might have wondered about your penis, but were afraid to ask.
No. 1: Your Penis Does Have a Mind of Its Own
You've probably noticed that your penis often does its own thing. You may remember times when it was completely inappropriate to have an erection; and yet you couldn't wish it away.
It's true that you have less command over your penis than body parts like your arms and legs. That's because the penis answers to a part of the nervous system that's not always under your conscious control. This is called the autonomic nervous system, which also regulates heart rate and blood pressure.
Sexual arousal usually isn't voluntary. The conscious mind is complicit in it, but a lot of sexual arousal goes on in the sympathetic nervous system. In addition, impulses from the brain during the REM phase of sleep cause erections, whether you're dreaming about sex or about a test you forgot to study for. Heavy lifting or straining to have a bowel movement can also produce an erection.
Just as the penis grows without your consent, sometimes it shrinks. "The flaccid penis varies in size considerably within a given man," says Drogo Montague, MD, a urologist at the Cleveland Clinic. Exposure to cold water or air makes your penis shrink. That's a function of the sympathetic nervous system.
Psychological stress also involves the sympathetic nervous system, and stress has the same effect as a cold shower, Montague says. When you're relaxed and feeling well, your flaccid penis looks bigger than when you're stressed out.
The penis is "kind of a barometer of the sympathetic nervous system," Montague says. So the greeting, "How's it hanging?" is more apt than you might have realized.
No. 2: Your Penis May Be a 'Grower' or a 'Show-er'
Among men, there is no consistent relationship between the size of the flaccid penis and its full erect length.
In one study of 80 men, researchers found that increases from flaccid to erect lengths ranged widely, from less than a quarter inch to 3.5 inches longer.
Whatever the clinical significance of these data may be, the locker-room significance is considerable. You can't assume that a dude with a big limp penis gets much bigger with an erection. And the guy whose penis looks tiny could surprise you with a big erection.
An analysis of more than thousand measurements taken by sex researcher Alfred Kinsey shows that shorter flaccid penises tend to gain about twice as much length as longer flaccid penises.
A penis that doesn't gain much length with an erection has become known as a "show-er," and a penis that gains a lot is said to be a "grower." These are not medical terms, and there aren't scientifically established thresholds for what's a show-er or a grower.
Kinsey's data suggest that most penises aren't extreme show-ers or growers. About 12% of penises gained one-third or less of their total length with an erection, and about 7% doubled in length when erect.
No. 3: Your Penis Is Shaped Like a Boomerang
Your penis is shaped like a boomerang. Just like you don't see all of a big oak tree above ground, you don't see the root of your penis tucked up inside your pelvis and attached to your pubic bone.
In an MRI picture, the penis looks distinctly boomerang-like, as noted by a French researcher who studied men and women having sex inside an MRI scanner.
One method of surgical "penis enlargement" is to cut the ligament that holds the root of the penis up inside the pelvis. This operation may give some men a little extra length if more of the penis protrudes from the body, but there are side effects. This ligament, called the suspensory ligament, makes an erection sturdy. With that ligament cut, the erect penis loses its upward angle and it wobbles at the base. The lack of sturdiness can lead to injury.
No. 4: You Can Break Your Penis
There is no "penis bone," but you can break your penis all the same. It's called penile fracture, and it's not a subtle injury. When it happens, there's "an audible pop or snap," Montague says. Then the penis turns black and blue. And there's terrible pain.
Penile fracture is rare, and it typically happens to younger men because their erections tend to be quite rigid.
Here's how to avoid penile fracture: don't use your penis too roughly. A common way that penile fracture happens, Montague says, is when a man is thrusting too hard and fast during sex, and slams into his partner's pubic bone. Also, a woman who moves wildly while on top of a man during sex can break a man's penis.
Peyronie's syndrome is a related condition that tends to show up more in older men, Montague says. An older man's erection may not be as rigid, but still is hard enough for sex. Over time, if the penis bends too much a certain way during sex, small tears in the tissue can form scars, and the accumulated scar tissue gives the penis an abnormally curved shape.
Not all penis curvature is a problem, however.
No. 5: Most Penises in the World Are Uncut
A report by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimates that worldwide only 30% of males aged 15 and up are circumcised.
Rates vary greatly depending upon religion and nationality. Almost all Jewish and Muslim males in the world have circumcised penises, and together they account for about 70% of all circumcised males globally.
The United States has the highest proportion of males circumcised for non-religious reasons. A whopping 75% of non-Jewish, non-Muslim American men are circumcised. Compare that to Canada, where only 30% are. In the U.K. it's 20%; in Australia it's merely 6%.
The practice of circumcising baby boys for medical and cosmetic reasons has become controversial in the U.S. But recently the World Health Organization (WHO) and the UUNAIDS recommended circumcision for adult men, based upon evidence that men with circumcised penises have a lower risk of being infected with HIV.
The CDC estimates that about 65% of all newborn boys get circumcised in the U.S
Friday, January 23, 2009
What is circumcision?
What is circumcision? Circumcision is a surgical procedure that involves partial or complete removal of the foreskin (prepuce) of the penis. The first evidence of circumcision comes from early Egyptian wall paintings that are more than 5000 years old.How common is circumcision?About one-fifth of men worldwide have been circumcised, mostly for religious and cultural reasons when the procedure is commonly performed shortly after birth or around puberty. Although adults are occasionally circumcised as an act of religious dedication, adult circumcision is most commonly performed for medical reasons.
At present, around 80 per cent of US males have been circumcised, mostly for non-religious reasons. The frequency of newborn circumcision has fallen in the USA from 90 per cent in the 1950s to around 60 per cent today.
In Korea, more than 90 per cent of men have been circumcised, usually in their teens and twenties.
In the UK in 1948, around 20 per cent of boys were circumcised shortly after birth, more commonly among middle class families and those living in the south of England. Then, 50 per cent of grammar school boys, 84 per cent of public school boys and 60 per cent of graduates were circumcised. By 1975, only 6 per cent of boys born in the UK were circumcised. Why circumcise?Reasons for circumcision fall into three broad groups:
for an immediate medical indication
to prevent future disease
as an act of religious dedication. Circumcision for an immediate medical reason
Non-retractable foreskin in childrenContrary to common belief, the foreskin cannot be pulled back (retracted) in almost all newborn babies. Well-meaning parents do not need to try cleaning under the foreskin until it has become fully retractable of its own accord because attempts to pull back a non-retractable foreskin can result in pain and possibly injury.About 50 per cent of one-year-old boys will have a non-retractable foreskin, 30 per cent of two-year-olds, about 10 per cent of four-year-olds and about 5 per cent of 10-year-olds. The small percentage of adults who have a persistently non-retractable foreskin have a slightly increased chance of developing phimosis (see below), but this persistence is not a reason for circumcision.
PhimosisIn phimosis (foreskin contraction), the opening of the foreskin is narrowed, preventing retraction. Provided that the skin of the foreskin is normal and inability to retract it does not cause problems with intercourse or recurrent infections, no action is necessary.Occasionally, the edge of the foreskin has a white, scarred, inelastic appearance and will not pucker open as it is retracted. Between 1 and 1.5 per cent of boys will develop this condition by the time they are 17 years old. Symptoms can include
irritation or bleeding from the edge of the foreskin
stinging or pain on passing urine (dysuria)
inability to pass urine (acute or, rarely, chronic urinary retention). The changes in the prepuce are known as balanitis xerotica obliterans, which can become cancerous if left untreated. Circumcision is advisable in most cases.
Acute balanoposthitisThis condition involves redness and swelling of the foreskin, together with a discharge of pus from the space between the foreskin and the glans. Sometimes the whole penis may be swollen and inflamed. Between 3 and 10 per cent of boys will develop this condition, depending on how the condition is defined. Balanoposthitis is very occasionally the first sign of diabetes. If there is no underlying cause, simple hygiene measures, mild painkillers and the avoidance of tugging the foreskin are the only necessary treatments. Most cases will recover without further intervention. Circumcision is only done for recurrent and troublesome cases.
ParaphimosisThis condition is caused by forcibly pulling back the foreskin behind the coronal ridge of the glans or head of the penis, without its subsequent replacement. The foreskin then forms a tight tourniquet around the glans, causing severe pain. The condition can sometimes be treated by firmly but gently squeezing the trapped glans until the foreskin can slip over it again.If this is not possible, the paraphimosis needs to be reduced under a general anaesthetic. Circumcision is only very rarely necessary.Circumcision to prevent future disease Prevention of disease is the second most commonly given reason for circumcision after religious reasons, although the evidence that it has any beneficial effect on future health is very poor. The practice is, more likely, rooted in cultural traditions, although western societies may find this an uncomfortable conclusion.
Penile cancerCancer of the penis is an extremely rare disease and, in the early part of the last century, was almost unheard of in circumcised men. However, there is some evidence that circumcision may only offer protection from penile cancer if done in childhood, and adult surgery may not offer any protection. Poor personal hygiene, smoking and exposure to wart virus (human papilloma virus) increase the risk of developing penile cancer at least as much as being uncircumcised. Circumcised men are more at risk from penile warts than uncircumcised men, and the risk of developing penile cancer is now almost equal in the two groups. Therefore, routine circumcision cannot be recommended to prevent penile cancer.
Sexually transmitted diseasesSexually transmitted infections that cause ulcers on the genitals (syphilis, chancroid, herpes simplex) are more common in uncircumcised men. However, urethritis or inflammation of the tube that carries urine through the penis (caused by gonorrhoea and non-gonococcal urethritis) is more common in circumcised men, as are penile warts. Yeast infection (caused by candida or thrush) is equally common in circumcised and uncircumcised men, although circumcised men are less likely to have symptoms with this infection so they are more likely to unknowingly pass on thrush to their sexual partners.Far more effective and reliable methods than circumcision exist to reduce the risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases, such as the use of condoms and adoption of safer sexual practices. Thus circumcision cannot be recommended to prevent these infections.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionViews conflict on whether circumcision can prevent HIV infection. A recent review in the British Journal of Urology concluded that there is no link between having an intact foreskin and HIV infection, whereas another paper in the British Medical Journal takes exactly the opposite view. Circumcision may be appropriate as a routine preventive measure only in regions that have a high rate of HIV infection, such as sub-Saharan Africa. The existing evidence is inadequate to recommend circumcision as an HIV-preventive measure in the UK.
Cervical cancerA study in 1947 reported that Jewish women rarely developed cervical cancer and the author attributed this finding to the fact that their sexual partners were circumcised. Further studies over the past 50 years have had contradictory conclusions, with experts enthusiastically championing the case for and against circumcision. The evidence is inadequate to recommend it as a preventive measure against cervical cancer.
Urinary tract infection (UTI)Since 1987, several studies have suggested that uncircumcised male infants are up to 10 times more likely to contract a urinary tract infection (UTI). One in 100 uncircumcised infants will develop a UTI, compared with 1 in 1000 circumcised infants.A UTI is not usually a great risk to health, so it does not seem reasonable to perform a surgical procedure on 100 infants to reduce the risk of one developing UTI. Circumcision as an act of religious dedicationThe circumcision of male children is a central feature of both Judaism and Islam. It is also important in many African and New World cultures. An increasing number of committed Jewish and Muslim people reject circumcision on ethical grounds, although they are certainly the minority at present. Attitudes to circumcision may provoke fierce hostility within families and among communities. In the past, wars have been fought, and thousands have died, to preserve the right to circumcise when rulers from other cultures forbade it.
JudaismIn the book of Genesis (17: 10-14), circumcision represents the covenant made by God with Abraham and his descendants.Traditional religious circumcision is performed by a mohel (pronounced mo-hell in Hebrew or moyle in Yiddish). It is usually carried out on the eighth day after birth, unless there is a danger to the child's health, in which case it should be delayed until that danger has passed. In the UK, mohelim attend 40 to 50 circumcisions and have to pass practical and theoretical examinations during their training before performing circumcision alone.
IslamThe divine law or sharia defines every aspect of Muslim life. It is based upon the Holy Koran, the hadith (the sayings of the Prophet Mohammed) and the sunnah (Prophet's tradition). All Muslims agree that these are the three sources of Islamic law, but different groups interpret their application in different ways. Circumcision is not mentioned in the Koran, but has the status of sunnah. Only the Shafiite school of law regards circumcision as obligatory (wajib), while the Hanafite, Jafarite, Malikite, Hanbalite and Zaidite regard it as only recommended, because it is sunnah. Even those who consider circumcision an obligatory duty for themselves do not see it as an essential requirement for others to become a Muslim. However, the procedure is very commonly practised and is certainly seen as an important external symbol of submission to God's will.Should we avoid circumcision?The foreskin is not simply a useless piece of skin, to be disposed of without careful thought. It forms the covering of the head (glans) of the penis in men and the clitoris in women. It is very rich in nerves responsible for touch and the movement of the foreskin backwards and forwards over the glans provides some of the pleasurable sensation experienced during sex.Adult males that were circumcised as infants do not usually report sexual problems linked with their circumcision, perhaps because they have never experienced sexual sensation with a foreskin. However, men circumcised as sexually active adults quite frequently complain of sexual problems arising from either reduced or altered penile sensation.How is circumcision performed?Although religious and cultural circumcision is frequently performed without anaesthetic as part of an important ritual act, it is an intensely painful procedure, even in newborn babies. Adults can testify to the pain for themselves and can give informed consent to the procedure. Infants, however, cannot. Physiological research has repeatedly shown bodily responses that indicate infants experience severe pain during circumcision.It is difficult to justify subjecting infants to this experience when pain could be avoided with a brief general anaesthetic. Anaesthetic injections that numb the penis or the whole genital region are not a reliable substitute for general anaesthesia. If circumcision is important for religious or cultural reasons, then the mohel, or other ritual circumciser, can still perform the procedure and prayers with the assistance of an anaesthetist and surgical team at hand. This practice may not be the traditional family gathering associated with circumcision, but would fulfil religious obligation without causing unnecessary suffering.When circumcision is necessary for an immediate medical reason, the surgeon would be prudent to try to preserve as much of the foreskin as possible, through some form of preputioplasty (a plastic surgery procedure that alters the shape of the foreskin but minimises the amount of skin removed). Preputioplasty may preserve sexual sensation, although its advantage over circumcision is not yet established.Complications of circumcisionHappily, complications of circumcision are relatively rare, although they may be under-reported following religious or cultural circumcision. For this reason, figures on the rate of complications may not be reliable. Complications include:
reduction in penile sensation (an almost universal experience)
bleeding
damage to the urethra (urine tube in the penis)
amputation of the glans (rare)
infection in the blood or septicaemia (rare).Can circumcision be reversed?Attempts have been made to restore the foreskin following circumcision since ancient times. Unfortunately, no procedure had satisfactory results. Modern surgical procedures may have more success, but they are still experimental and the long-term results are unknown. If foreskin restoration is being considered, a urologist should be consulted.Female circumcision is not required by any religious group and is a traditional practice prevalent in Africa, Southeast Asia and South America. It is far more disfiguring, disabling and potentially dangerous than male circumcision so cannot be viewed in the same light. The author fully supports the World Health Organisation's policy that this procedure should cease throughout the world.ConclusionsCircumcision remains a controversial procedure, as it has been for thousands of years.Male circumcision is vitally important to some religious and cultural groups. Hopefully, the use of general anaesthesia for infant circumcision will increase. Medical and religious authorities should work together to promote this change.Very few absolute medical reasons exist for circumcision, and no reasons exist to justify routine circumcision of infants outside areas with a high rate of HIV infection. Far too many circumcisions are performed without good reason in Europe and the USA. The best advice is 'if it isn't absolutely necessary, don't circumcise'.
At present, around 80 per cent of US males have been circumcised, mostly for non-religious reasons. The frequency of newborn circumcision has fallen in the USA from 90 per cent in the 1950s to around 60 per cent today.
In Korea, more than 90 per cent of men have been circumcised, usually in their teens and twenties.
In the UK in 1948, around 20 per cent of boys were circumcised shortly after birth, more commonly among middle class families and those living in the south of England. Then, 50 per cent of grammar school boys, 84 per cent of public school boys and 60 per cent of graduates were circumcised. By 1975, only 6 per cent of boys born in the UK were circumcised. Why circumcise?Reasons for circumcision fall into three broad groups:
for an immediate medical indication
to prevent future disease
as an act of religious dedication. Circumcision for an immediate medical reason
Non-retractable foreskin in childrenContrary to common belief, the foreskin cannot be pulled back (retracted) in almost all newborn babies. Well-meaning parents do not need to try cleaning under the foreskin until it has become fully retractable of its own accord because attempts to pull back a non-retractable foreskin can result in pain and possibly injury.About 50 per cent of one-year-old boys will have a non-retractable foreskin, 30 per cent of two-year-olds, about 10 per cent of four-year-olds and about 5 per cent of 10-year-olds. The small percentage of adults who have a persistently non-retractable foreskin have a slightly increased chance of developing phimosis (see below), but this persistence is not a reason for circumcision.
PhimosisIn phimosis (foreskin contraction), the opening of the foreskin is narrowed, preventing retraction. Provided that the skin of the foreskin is normal and inability to retract it does not cause problems with intercourse or recurrent infections, no action is necessary.Occasionally, the edge of the foreskin has a white, scarred, inelastic appearance and will not pucker open as it is retracted. Between 1 and 1.5 per cent of boys will develop this condition by the time they are 17 years old. Symptoms can include
irritation or bleeding from the edge of the foreskin
stinging or pain on passing urine (dysuria)
inability to pass urine (acute or, rarely, chronic urinary retention). The changes in the prepuce are known as balanitis xerotica obliterans, which can become cancerous if left untreated. Circumcision is advisable in most cases.
Acute balanoposthitisThis condition involves redness and swelling of the foreskin, together with a discharge of pus from the space between the foreskin and the glans. Sometimes the whole penis may be swollen and inflamed. Between 3 and 10 per cent of boys will develop this condition, depending on how the condition is defined. Balanoposthitis is very occasionally the first sign of diabetes. If there is no underlying cause, simple hygiene measures, mild painkillers and the avoidance of tugging the foreskin are the only necessary treatments. Most cases will recover without further intervention. Circumcision is only done for recurrent and troublesome cases.
ParaphimosisThis condition is caused by forcibly pulling back the foreskin behind the coronal ridge of the glans or head of the penis, without its subsequent replacement. The foreskin then forms a tight tourniquet around the glans, causing severe pain. The condition can sometimes be treated by firmly but gently squeezing the trapped glans until the foreskin can slip over it again.If this is not possible, the paraphimosis needs to be reduced under a general anaesthetic. Circumcision is only very rarely necessary.Circumcision to prevent future disease Prevention of disease is the second most commonly given reason for circumcision after religious reasons, although the evidence that it has any beneficial effect on future health is very poor. The practice is, more likely, rooted in cultural traditions, although western societies may find this an uncomfortable conclusion.
Penile cancerCancer of the penis is an extremely rare disease and, in the early part of the last century, was almost unheard of in circumcised men. However, there is some evidence that circumcision may only offer protection from penile cancer if done in childhood, and adult surgery may not offer any protection. Poor personal hygiene, smoking and exposure to wart virus (human papilloma virus) increase the risk of developing penile cancer at least as much as being uncircumcised. Circumcised men are more at risk from penile warts than uncircumcised men, and the risk of developing penile cancer is now almost equal in the two groups. Therefore, routine circumcision cannot be recommended to prevent penile cancer.
Sexually transmitted diseasesSexually transmitted infections that cause ulcers on the genitals (syphilis, chancroid, herpes simplex) are more common in uncircumcised men. However, urethritis or inflammation of the tube that carries urine through the penis (caused by gonorrhoea and non-gonococcal urethritis) is more common in circumcised men, as are penile warts. Yeast infection (caused by candida or thrush) is equally common in circumcised and uncircumcised men, although circumcised men are less likely to have symptoms with this infection so they are more likely to unknowingly pass on thrush to their sexual partners.Far more effective and reliable methods than circumcision exist to reduce the risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases, such as the use of condoms and adoption of safer sexual practices. Thus circumcision cannot be recommended to prevent these infections.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionViews conflict on whether circumcision can prevent HIV infection. A recent review in the British Journal of Urology concluded that there is no link between having an intact foreskin and HIV infection, whereas another paper in the British Medical Journal takes exactly the opposite view. Circumcision may be appropriate as a routine preventive measure only in regions that have a high rate of HIV infection, such as sub-Saharan Africa. The existing evidence is inadequate to recommend circumcision as an HIV-preventive measure in the UK.
Cervical cancerA study in 1947 reported that Jewish women rarely developed cervical cancer and the author attributed this finding to the fact that their sexual partners were circumcised. Further studies over the past 50 years have had contradictory conclusions, with experts enthusiastically championing the case for and against circumcision. The evidence is inadequate to recommend it as a preventive measure against cervical cancer.
Urinary tract infection (UTI)Since 1987, several studies have suggested that uncircumcised male infants are up to 10 times more likely to contract a urinary tract infection (UTI). One in 100 uncircumcised infants will develop a UTI, compared with 1 in 1000 circumcised infants.A UTI is not usually a great risk to health, so it does not seem reasonable to perform a surgical procedure on 100 infants to reduce the risk of one developing UTI. Circumcision as an act of religious dedicationThe circumcision of male children is a central feature of both Judaism and Islam. It is also important in many African and New World cultures. An increasing number of committed Jewish and Muslim people reject circumcision on ethical grounds, although they are certainly the minority at present. Attitudes to circumcision may provoke fierce hostility within families and among communities. In the past, wars have been fought, and thousands have died, to preserve the right to circumcise when rulers from other cultures forbade it.
JudaismIn the book of Genesis (17: 10-14), circumcision represents the covenant made by God with Abraham and his descendants.Traditional religious circumcision is performed by a mohel (pronounced mo-hell in Hebrew or moyle in Yiddish). It is usually carried out on the eighth day after birth, unless there is a danger to the child's health, in which case it should be delayed until that danger has passed. In the UK, mohelim attend 40 to 50 circumcisions and have to pass practical and theoretical examinations during their training before performing circumcision alone.
IslamThe divine law or sharia defines every aspect of Muslim life. It is based upon the Holy Koran, the hadith (the sayings of the Prophet Mohammed) and the sunnah (Prophet's tradition). All Muslims agree that these are the three sources of Islamic law, but different groups interpret their application in different ways. Circumcision is not mentioned in the Koran, but has the status of sunnah. Only the Shafiite school of law regards circumcision as obligatory (wajib), while the Hanafite, Jafarite, Malikite, Hanbalite and Zaidite regard it as only recommended, because it is sunnah. Even those who consider circumcision an obligatory duty for themselves do not see it as an essential requirement for others to become a Muslim. However, the procedure is very commonly practised and is certainly seen as an important external symbol of submission to God's will.Should we avoid circumcision?The foreskin is not simply a useless piece of skin, to be disposed of without careful thought. It forms the covering of the head (glans) of the penis in men and the clitoris in women. It is very rich in nerves responsible for touch and the movement of the foreskin backwards and forwards over the glans provides some of the pleasurable sensation experienced during sex.Adult males that were circumcised as infants do not usually report sexual problems linked with their circumcision, perhaps because they have never experienced sexual sensation with a foreskin. However, men circumcised as sexually active adults quite frequently complain of sexual problems arising from either reduced or altered penile sensation.How is circumcision performed?Although religious and cultural circumcision is frequently performed without anaesthetic as part of an important ritual act, it is an intensely painful procedure, even in newborn babies. Adults can testify to the pain for themselves and can give informed consent to the procedure. Infants, however, cannot. Physiological research has repeatedly shown bodily responses that indicate infants experience severe pain during circumcision.It is difficult to justify subjecting infants to this experience when pain could be avoided with a brief general anaesthetic. Anaesthetic injections that numb the penis or the whole genital region are not a reliable substitute for general anaesthesia. If circumcision is important for religious or cultural reasons, then the mohel, or other ritual circumciser, can still perform the procedure and prayers with the assistance of an anaesthetist and surgical team at hand. This practice may not be the traditional family gathering associated with circumcision, but would fulfil religious obligation without causing unnecessary suffering.When circumcision is necessary for an immediate medical reason, the surgeon would be prudent to try to preserve as much of the foreskin as possible, through some form of preputioplasty (a plastic surgery procedure that alters the shape of the foreskin but minimises the amount of skin removed). Preputioplasty may preserve sexual sensation, although its advantage over circumcision is not yet established.Complications of circumcisionHappily, complications of circumcision are relatively rare, although they may be under-reported following religious or cultural circumcision. For this reason, figures on the rate of complications may not be reliable. Complications include:
reduction in penile sensation (an almost universal experience)
bleeding
damage to the urethra (urine tube in the penis)
amputation of the glans (rare)
infection in the blood or septicaemia (rare).Can circumcision be reversed?Attempts have been made to restore the foreskin following circumcision since ancient times. Unfortunately, no procedure had satisfactory results. Modern surgical procedures may have more success, but they are still experimental and the long-term results are unknown. If foreskin restoration is being considered, a urologist should be consulted.Female circumcision is not required by any religious group and is a traditional practice prevalent in Africa, Southeast Asia and South America. It is far more disfiguring, disabling and potentially dangerous than male circumcision so cannot be viewed in the same light. The author fully supports the World Health Organisation's policy that this procedure should cease throughout the world.ConclusionsCircumcision remains a controversial procedure, as it has been for thousands of years.Male circumcision is vitally important to some religious and cultural groups. Hopefully, the use of general anaesthesia for infant circumcision will increase. Medical and religious authorities should work together to promote this change.Very few absolute medical reasons exist for circumcision, and no reasons exist to justify routine circumcision of infants outside areas with a high rate of HIV infection. Far too many circumcisions are performed without good reason in Europe and the USA. The best advice is 'if it isn't absolutely necessary, don't circumcise'.
CIRCUMCISION: MALE - EFFECTS UPON HUMAN SEXUALITY
Circumcision, once accepted as the norm in the United States, has become controversial. Technically, circumcision is the surgical removal of the skin that normally covers and protects the head, or glans, of the penis. At birth, the penis is covered with a continuous layer of skin extending from the pubis to the tip of the penis where the foreskin (prepuce) folds inward upon itself, creating a double protective layer of skin over the glans penis. The inner lining of the prepuce is mucous membrane and serves to keep the surface of the glans penis (also mucous membrane) soft, moist, and sensitive. The prepuce is often erroneously referred to as ``redundant'' tissue, which allows the medical community and society-at-large to consider the foreskin an optional part of the male sex organ and, therefore, to condone its routine removal in a variety of procedures collectively known as ``circumcision.''
Circumcision, however, was also a part of religious ritual, including Judaism and Islam as well as others. However, 85 percent of the world's male population is not circumcised. Circumcision in 1992 was still the most commonly performed surgical procedure in America, where 59 percent of newborn males underwent this operation. Circumcision reached its peak of 85 to 90 percent during the 1960s and 1970s. The surgery, usually performed on baby boys within the first few days of life, is often considered "routine." The most popular methods, the Gomco clamp and the Plastibell procedures, differ somewhat in technique and instrumentation but the effects on the penis and the baby are basically the same. Most of the American circumcisions are not done for religious reasons, but rather, for hygienic ones.
Medical ProcedureUsually, the procedure for circumcision in America involves the baby being strapped spread-eagle to a plastic board, with his arms and legs immobilized by Velcro straps. A nurse scrubs his genitals with an antiseptic solution and places a surgical drape - with a hole in it to expose his penis - across his body. The doctor grasps the tip of the foreskin with one hemostat and inserts another hemostat between the foreskin and the glans. (In 96 percent of newborns, these two structures are attached to one another by a continuous layer of epithelium, which protects the sensitive glans from urine and feces in infancy and childhood.) The foreskin is then torn from the glans. The hemostat is used to crush an area of the foreskin lengthwise, which prevents bleeding when the doctor cuts through the tissue to enlarge the foreskin opening. This allows insertion of the circumcision instrument. The foreskin is crushed against this device circumferentially and amputated.
Anesthesia was not used to alleviate infant suffering until recently because it was believed that babies do not feel pain. Additionally, it was recognized that anesthesia was risky for the newborn, thus contributing to the medical reluctance to use it for painful procedures on infants, such as circumcision. Currently, some doctors use a dorsal penile nerve block to numb the penis during infant circumcision. While not always effective, this anesthesia may afford some pain relief during the surgery, although it offers no pain relief during the recovery period (which can last up to 14 days) when the baby urinates and defecates into the raw wound.
Function of the ForeskinTo understand the function of the prepuce, it is necessary to understand the function of the penis. While it is commonly recognized that the penis has two functions - urination and procreation - in reality, it is essential only for procreation, since it is not required for urination.
For procreation to occur, the normally flaccid penis must become erect. As it changes from flaccidity to rigidity, the penis increases in length about 50 percent. As it elongates, the double fold of skin (foreskin) provides the skin necessary for full expansion of the penile shaft. But microscopic examination reveals that the foreskin is more than just penile skin necessary for a natural erection; it is specialized tissue, richly supplied with blood vessels, highly innervated, and uniquely endowed with stretch receptors. These attributes of the foreskin contribute significantly to the sexual response of the intact male. The complex tissue of the foreskin responds to stimulation during sexual activity. Stretching of the foreskin over the glans penis activates preputial nerve endings, enhances sexual excitability, and contributes to the male ejaculatory reflex. Besides the neurological role of the preputial tissue, the mucosal surface of the inner lining of the foreskin has a specific function during masturbation or sexual relations.
During masturbation, the mucosal surface of the foreskin rolls back and forth across the mucosal surface of the glans penis, providing nontraumatic sexual stimulation. During heterosexual activity, the mucosal surfaces of the glans penis and foreskin move back and forth across the mucosal surfaces of the labia and vagina, providing nontraumatic sexual stimulation of both male and female. This mucous-membrane-to-mucous-membrane contact provides the natural lubrication necessary for sexual relations and prevents both the dryness responsible for painful intercourse and the chafing and abrasions which allow entry of sexually transmitted diseases, both viral and bacterial.
When normal, sexually functioning tissue is removed, sexual functioning is also altered. Changes of the penis that occur with circumcision have been documented. These may vary according to the procedure used and the age at which the circumcision was performed, nevertheless penile changes will inevitably occur following circumcision.
Circumcision performed in the newborn period traumatically interrupts the natural separation of the foreskin from the glans that normally occurs somewhere between birth and age 18. The raw, exposed glans penis heals in a process that measurably thickens the surface of the glans and results in desensitization of the head of the penis.
When circumcision is performed after the normal separation of the foreskin from the glans, the damage done by forcible separation of these two parts of the penis is avoided, but the glans must still thicken in order to protect itself from constant chafing and abrasion by clothing.
The thickened, drier tissue covering the glans of the circumcised penis may necessitate the use of synthetic lubricants to facilitate nontraumatic sexual intercourse. Often, it is erroneously considered the woman's lack of lubrication that makes intercourse painful rather than the lack of natural male lubrication, which is more likely the cause. During masturbation, the circumcised male must use his hands for direct stimulation of the glans, and this may require synthetic lubrication as well.
In addition to the predictable physical changes that occur with circumcision, there are inherent risks and potential complications from the surgery. These include, but are not limited to, hemorrhage, infection, surgical damage and, while rare, death. Surgical damage and healing complications can result in extensive scarring, skin bridging, curvature of the penis, and deformities of the glans penis and urethral meatus (urinary opening). Extreme mutilations have resulted from inappropriate electrocautery use in circumcision, causing loss of the entire penis. Sex-change operations have been used as a ``remedy'' for this iatrogenic condition.
While circumcision has potential risks and alters normal, sexual functioning of the penis, proponents of the practice consider it to confer many "prophylactic" benefits on the recipient. This rationale was initiated in the English-speaking countries during the 19th century when the etiology of diseases was unknown. At that time, circumcision evolved from a religious ritual or puberty rite into routine surgery for "health" reasons.
Within the miasma of myth and ignorance, a theory emerged that masturbation caused many and varied ills, so some physicians thought it logical to perform genital surgery on both sexes to stop masturbation. In 1891, P.C. Remondino advocated circumcision to prevent or to cure alcoholism, epilepsy, asthma, hernia, gout, rheumatism, curvature of the spine, and headaches. As scientific research uncovered legitimate pathological etiology for diseases previously thought to be prevented or cured by circumcision, new rationales were postulated to validate the practice. Prophylactic circumcision of females fell out of vogue in English-speaking countries, but the incidence of male circumcision steadily rose. In the early 20th century, circumcision was advocated as a hygienic measure. Though criticism of the practice mounted, it was not until 1975 that the American Academy of Pediatrics came out in opposition, arguing that good personal hygiene would offer all the advantages of routine circumcision without the attendant surgical risk. The advent of antibiotics negated the rationale that circumcision was needed to prevent venereal disease.
As a religious ritual, circumcision is practiced by Jews and Moslems in accordance with the biblical account of Abraham's covenant with God. Even so, the ``purpose'' of the Jewish ritual of circumcision has been argued by Jews throughout history. Noted Rabbi Moses Maimonides, in the Guide of the Perplexed, explains a rationale for circumcision that merits attention when circumcision is considered relative to human sexuality.
As regards circumcision... [s]ome people believe that circumcision is to remove a defect in man's formation; but every one can easily reply: How can products of nature be deficient so as to require external completion, especially as the use of the foreskin to that organ is evident. This commandment has not been enjoined as a complement to a deficient physical creation, but as a means for perfecting man's moral shortcomings. The bodily injury caused to that organ is exactly that which is desired; it does not interrupt any vital function, nor does it destroy the power of generation. Circumcision simply counteracts excessive lust; for there is no doubt that circumcision weakens the power of sexual excitement, and sometimes lessens the natural enjoyment; the organ necessarily becomes weak when it loses blood and is deprived of its covering from the beginning.
The Moslems, who also circumcise in accordance with the biblical covenant between Abraham and God, traditionally circumcised their males at age 13. More recently, however, Moslem boys are circumcised at varying ages from birth to puberty.
In the United States, the religious rights of parents are being questioned in regard to the constitutional rights of infants and children. Freedom of religion became a legal issue when it was introduced in a circumcision lawsuit claiming a male had been denied his right to freedom of religion when his body was marked by circumcision in accordance with his parents' religion.
The inalienable body ownership rights of infants and children continue to be addressed within the U.S. legal system in lawsuits asserting that the only person who can legally consent to a circumcision is a person making this personal decision for himself. The reports of dissatisfaction with parental circumcision decisions by circumcised men help to illustrate this point. Performed on their penises without their consent, thousands are now undergoing foreskin restoration, either medical or surgical, to reconstruct what they consider was violently taken from their bodies early in their lives. The Declaration of the First International Symposium on Circumcision acknowledges the unrecognized victims of circumcision and, in support of genital ownership rights of infants and children, states: ``We recognize the inherent right of every human being to an intact body. Without religious or racial prejudice, we affirm this basic human right.'' Due to the lifelong consequences of the permanent surgical alteration of children's genitals, it becomes imperative that children have the right to own their own reproductive organs and to preserve their natural sexual function.
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