Anti-wrinkle creams: do they work?

Wrinkles are a by-product of the aging process. With age, skin cells divide more slowly, and the inner layer, called the dermis, begins to thin. The network of elastin (the protein which causes skin to stretch) and collagen fibers (the major structural proteins in the skin), which support the outer layer, loosen and unravel, causing depressions on the surface. With aging, skin also loses its elasticity, is less able to retain moisture, oil-secreting glands are less efficient and the skin is slower to heal. All of these contribute to the development of wrinkles.



In large part, your everyday lifestyle choices contribute to the way you age, and at what rate your body ages. Diet, environmental factors, exercise and the topical skin care products and skin care regimen you choose, all affect the way you are going to appear now and ten, twenty, and thirty years down the road.



Common ingredients in anti-wrinkle creams


The effectiveness of anti-wrinkle creams depends in part on the active ingredient or ingredients. Here are some common ingredients that may result in slight to modest improvements in wrinkles.



Retinol. Retinol is a vitamin A compound and is the first antioxidant to be widely used in nonprescr i ption wrinkle creams. Antioxidants are substances that neutralize free radicals — unstable oxygen molecules that break down skin cells and cause wrinkles. Retinol is less potent than the vitamin A derivative tretinoin, a prescr i ption topical treatment approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating wrinkles. Avoid vitamin A derivatives if you're pregnant or may become pregnant because they increase the risk of birth defects.



Hydroxy acids. Alpha hydroxy acids, beta hydroxy acids and poly hydroxy acids are all synthetic versions of acids derived from sugar-containing fruits. These acids are exfoliants — substances that remove the upper layer of old, dead skin and stimulate the growth of smooth, evenly pigmented new skin. Because hydroxy acids increase your susceptibility to sun damage, wear sunscreen during use and for at least one week afterward.



Coenzyme Q10. Coenzyme Q10 is a nutrient that helps regulate energy production in cells. Some studies have shown reduction in fine wrinkles around the eyes with no side effects. Other studies show that application before sun exposure protects against sun damage.

Copper peptides. Copper is a trace element found in every cell. In products applied to the skin, it's combined with small protein fragments called peptides. Copper peptides enhance wound healing. They also stimulate production of collagen and may enhance the action of antioxidants.



Kinetin. A plant growth factor, kinetin may improve wrinkles and uneven pigmentation with minimal irritation. It's unclear how it works, but it may help reduce wrinkles by helping skin retain moisture and by stimulating the production of collagen. It may also be a potent antioxidant.



Tea extracts. Green, black and oolong tea contain compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Green tea extracts are the ones most commonly found in wrinkle creams.



Alpha Lipioc Acid is an excellent antioxidant that penetrates cell membranes to eliminate the free radicals that the are broken down. It also assists other antioxidants that are in the body such as vitamins C and E.



In addition to the use of a wrinkle treatment here are some other suggestions to promote healthy, vibrant skin:


•Use sunscreen with a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of at least 15 every day.
•Maintain adequate hydration by drinking plenty of water.
•Limit your intake of alcohol and caffeine.
•Avoid smoking.

Contraception - pessaries, foam and cream

Among the less reliable contraceptive methods for women is the use of chemical-containing agents like pessaries, foams, jellies or creams, which can be inserted into the vagina . All of them are spermicidal - that is , they contain a chemical (nearly always one called nonoxinol-9) that kills sperm.They can all be bought over the counter in chemists, but in the UK are very often issued on free prescription at Family Planning Clinics. General practitioners can also write prescriptions for them, but this is not common.What you must be aware ofIt is important to be aware that chemicals are not a lot of use on their own. Until quite recently, some brands of pessary and gel were promoted to the public as reliable contraceptives – but their makers’ faith in them was not really justified.So we strongly recommend that you only use chemicals as a way of increasing the efficiency of other methods of contraception. Some products still come with literature indicating that they could be used on their own, but we suggest that you ignore that advice.In fact all chemical contraceptives that are available in Britain should be used with barrier methods of contraception, such as condoms (male or female) and diaphragms. They must be inserted into the vagina shortly before sexual intercourse. They only work for 30 to 60 minutes. If you continue having sex after this time you must insert another ‘dose’ into the vagina.Used on their own, chemicals will not protect you from sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), despite the fact that they have a slight anti-germ action.What chemical contraceptive products are availableUntil about the beginning of this century, there was a very wide range of chemical contraceptives available from chemists. However, as spermicidal methods have become less popular, the choice of brands has been sharply reduced.Indeed, the number of products generally available for prescription in the UK has been reduced to just one. However, you would certainly be able to obtain other brands on the Continent, or by mail order from abroad, or via the internet.The only type of chemical contraception that remains generally available in Britain is:
Gygel – a colourless, odourless gel, which can be inserted into the vagina with a special applicator (and also spread on a cap or diaphragm).How do I learn to use these products?Instructions are provided with them. However, by far the best thing is to be taught how to use them by a specially-trained nurse or doctor.In Britain, the majority of women who employ chemical contraceptives have been taught how to use them by the nurses or doctors at Family Planning Clinics. In particular, the medical/nursing staff can demonstrate to you the technique of applying spermicides to a cap or diaphragm in such a way as to make it very difficult for sperms to ‘get through’ to the womb.

Contraception - pessaries, foam and cream

Among the less reliable contraceptive methods for women is the use of chemical-containing agents like pessaries, foams, jellies or creams, which can be inserted into the vagina . All of them are spermicidal - that is , they contain a chemical (nearly always one called nonoxinol-9) that kills sperm.They can all be bought over the counter in chemists, but in the UK are very often issued on free prescription at Family Planning Clinics. General practitioners can also write prescriptions for them, but this is not common.What you must be aware ofIt is important to be aware that chemicals are not a lot of use on their own. Until quite recently, some brands of pessary and gel were promoted to the public as reliable contraceptives – but their makers’ faith in them was not really justified.So we strongly recommend that you only use chemicals as a way of increasing the efficiency of other methods of contraception. Some products still come with literature indicating that they could be used on their own, but we suggest that you ignore that advice.In fact all chemical contraceptives that are available in Britain should be used with barrier methods of contraception, such as condoms (male or female) and diaphragms. They must be inserted into the vagina shortly before sexual intercourse. They only work for 30 to 60 minutes. If you continue having sex after this time you must insert another ‘dose’ into the vagina.Used on their own, chemicals will not protect you from sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), despite the fact that they have a slight anti-germ action.What chemical contraceptive products are availableUntil about the beginning of this century, there was a very wide range of chemical contraceptives available from chemists. However, as spermicidal methods have become less popular, the choice of brands has been sharply reduced.Indeed, the number of products generally available for prescription in the UK has been reduced to just one. However, you would certainly be able to obtain other brands on the Continent, or by mail order from abroad, or via the internet.The only type of chemical contraception that remains generally available in Britain is:
Gygel – a colourless, odourless gel, which can be inserted into the vagina with a special applicator (and also spread on a cap or diaphragm).How do I learn to use these products?Instructions are provided with them. However, by far the best thing is to be taught how to use them by a specially-trained nurse or doctor.In Britain, the majority of women who employ chemical contraceptives have been taught how to use them by the nurses or doctors at Family Planning Clinics. In particular, the medical/nursing staff can demonstrate to you the technique of applying spermicides to a cap or diaphragm in such a way as to make it very difficult for sperms to ‘get through’ to the womb.

Contraception - pessaries, foam and cream

Among the less reliable contraceptive methods for women is the use of chemical-containing agents like pessaries, foams, jellies or creams, which can be inserted into the vagina . All of them are spermicidal - that is , they contain a chemical (nearly always one called nonoxinol-9) that kills sperm.They can all be bought over the counter in chemists, but in the UK are very often issued on free prescription at Family Planning Clinics. General practitioners can also write prescriptions for them, but this is not common.What you must be aware ofIt is important to be aware that chemicals are not a lot of use on their own. Until quite recently, some brands of pessary and gel were promoted to the public as reliable contraceptives – but their makers’ faith in them was not really justified.So we strongly recommend that you only use chemicals as a way of increasing the efficiency of other methods of contraception. Some products still come with literature indicating that they could be used on their own, but we suggest that you ignore that advice.In fact all chemical contraceptives that are available in Britain should be used with barrier methods of contraception, such as condoms (male or female) and diaphragms. They must be inserted into the vagina shortly before sexual intercourse. They only work for 30 to 60 minutes. If you continue having sex after this time you must insert another ‘dose’ into the vagina.Used on their own, chemicals will not protect you from sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), despite the fact that they have a slight anti-germ action.What chemical contraceptive products are availableUntil about the beginning of this century, there was a very wide range of chemical contraceptives available from chemists. However, as spermicidal methods have become less popular, the choice of brands has been sharply reduced.Indeed, the number of products generally available for prescription in the UK has been reduced to just one. However, you would certainly be able to obtain other brands on the Continent, or by mail order from abroad, or via the internet.The only type of chemical contraception that remains generally available in Britain is:
Gygel – a colourless, odourless gel, which can be inserted into the vagina with a special applicator (and also spread on a cap or diaphragm).How do I learn to use these products?Instructions are provided with them. However, by far the best thing is to be taught how to use them by a specially-trained nurse or doctor.In Britain, the majority of women who employ chemical contraceptives have been taught how to use them by the nurses or doctors at Family Planning Clinics. In particular, the medical/nursing staff can demonstrate to you the technique of applying spermicides to a cap or diaphragm in such a way as to make it very difficult for sperms to ‘get through’ to the womb.